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Related papers: Cosmological apparent and trapping horizons

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We investigate the first law of thermodynamics and entropy associated to the apparent horizon of (non-flat) FLRW space-time in different theories of modified gravity and in the presence of a perfect fluid of matter. We pose our attention on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-21 Lorenzo Sebastiani

We derive the modified Friedmann equation corresponding to the power-law corrected entropy-area relation $S_{\rm A}=\frac{A}{4}[1-K_{\alpha} A^{1-\frac{\alpha}{2}}]$ which is motivated by the entanglement of quantum fields in and out of the…

General Physics · Physics 2011-09-07 K. Karami , A. Abdolmaleki , N. Sahraei , S. Ghaffari

We propose a modified gravity theory by extending the Einstein-Hilbert action with an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar and the Kretschmann scalar invariants. The resulting modified Friedmann equations for a spatially flat FRW universe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-29 A. Dehyadegari , A. Sheykhi

In this paper we revisit the relation between the Friedmann equations and the first law of thermodynamics. We find that the unified first law firstly proposed by Hayward to treat the "outer"trapping horizon of dynamical black hole can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Rong-Gen Cai , Li-Ming Cao

Event horizons are (generically) not physically observable. In contrast, apparent horizons (and the closely related trapping horizons) are generically physically observable --- in the sense that they can be detected by observers working in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-12-10 Matt Visser

We investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics on the $(n-1)$-dimensional brane embedded in the $(n+1)$-dimensional bulk. We examine the evolution of the apparent horizon entropy extracted through relation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-05-12 Ahmad Sheykhi , Bin Wang

Hawking radiation is an important quantum phenomenon of black hole, which is closely related to the existence of event horizon of black hole. The cosmological event horizon of de Sitter space is also of the Hawking radiation with thermal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-07-24 Rong-Gen Cai , Li-Ming Cao , Ya-Peng Hu

Considering the Einstein field equations in Lyra manifold, and applying the unified first law of thermodynamics as well as the Clausius relation to the apparent horizon of FRW universe, we find the entropy of apparent horizon in Lyra…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-12 H. Moradpour , N. Sadeghnezhad , S. Ghaffari , A. Jahan

In this paper we study the recently proposed $f(R,\mathcal{L})$ theories from a thermodynamic point of view. The uniqueness of these theories lies in the fact that the space-time curvature is coupled to the baryonic matter instead of exotic…

General Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 Behnam Pourhassan , Prabir Rudra

This paper considers the nature of apparent horizons for astrophysical black hole situated in a realistic cosmological context. Using semi-tetrad covariant methods we study the local evolutions of the boundaries of the trapped region in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-14 George F R Ellis , Rituparno Goswami , Aymen I. M. Hamid , Sunil D. Maharaj

We investigate the thermodynamical properties of the apparent horizon in a fractal universe. We find that one can always rewrite the Friedmann equation of the fractal universe in the form of the entropy balance relation $ \delta Q=T_h…

General Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Ahmad Sheykhi , Zeinab Teimoori , Bin Wang

We here propose a covariant entropy conjecture on cosmological dynamical horizon. After the formulation of our conjecture, we test its validity in adiabatically expanding universes with open, flat and closed spatial geometry, where our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Song He , Hongbao Zhang

We explicitly prove the horizon-entropy increase law for both causal and quasi-locally defined horizons in scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ gravity theories. Contrary to causal event horizons, future outer trapping horizons are not conformally…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-27 Valerio Faraoni , Alex B. Nielsen

It has been shown that Friedmann equation of FRW universe can be derived from the first law of thermodynamics in Einstein gravity, Gauss-Bonnet gravity, Lovelock gravity, scalar-tensor gravity and $f(R)$ gravity. Moreover, it was pointed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-05-26 Qiao-Jun Cao , Yi-Xin Chen , Kai-Nan Shao

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic aspects of quadratic gravity in a $D$-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. First, we derive the field equations and the effective energy-momentum tensor for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-17 Navid Safarzadeh Ilkhchi , Amin Rezaei Akbarieh , Yaghoub Heydarzade

In this paper we discuss the thermodynamics of the apparent horizon in $F(R)$ Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity in equilibrium and non-equilibrium ensembles. We show that the second law of thermodynamics can be satisfied in this non relativistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-22 Abdul Jawad , Shamaila Rani , Davood Momeni , Faiza Gulshan , Ratbay Myrzakulov

We study thermodynamics of the apparent horizon in $F(R)$ gravity. In particular, we demonstrate that a $F(R)$ gravity model with realizing a crossing of the phantom divide can satisfy the second law of thermodynamics in the effective…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-28 Kazuharu Bamba , Chao-Qiang Geng

We analyze the apparent horizon dynamics in the inhomogeneous Clifton-Mota-Barrow solution of Brans-Dicke theory. This solution models a central matter configuration embedded in a cosmological background. In certain regions of the parameter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-01 Vincenzo Vitagliano , Valerio Faraoni , Thomas P. Sotiriou , Stefano Liberati

In recent work on black hole entropy in non-perturbative quantum gravity, an action for the black hole sector of the phase space is introduced and (partially) quantized. We give a number of observations on this and related works. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Viqar Husain

In this paper, we perform a detailed investigation on the various geometrical properties of trapped surfaces and the boundaries of trapped region in general relativity. This treatment extends earlier work on LRS II spacetimes to a general 4…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-16 Abbas Sherif , Rituparno Goswami , Sunil D Maharaj