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We investigate a dynamical basis for the Riemann hypothesis (RH) that the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line x = 1/2. In the process we graphically explore, in as rich a way as possible, the diversity of…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2011-10-26 Chris King

We compare the Riemann $\Xi$--function to a canonical real-entire reference family arising from the cycle Laplacian developed in Paper I. These spectral determinants have only real zeros by self-adjointness. Our main tool is a rigidity…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Douglas F. Watson

In these lectures we first review the important properties of the Riemann $\zeta$-function that are necessary to understand the nature and importance of the Riemann hypothesis (RH). In particular this first part describes the analytic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-20 Guilherme França , André LeClair

We consider a system of three analytic functions, two of which are known to have all their zeros on the critical line $\Re (s)=\sigma=1/2$. We construct inequalities which constrain the third function, $\xi(s)$, on $\Im(s)=0$ to lie between…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-09-10 R. C. McPhedran

The Riemann hypothesis, stating that the real part of all non-trivial zero points fo the zeta function must be $\frac{1}{2}$, is one of the most important unproven hypothesises in number theory. In this paper we will proof the Riemann…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-10-17 Björn Tegetmeyer

The finite Dirichlet series from the title are defined by the condition that they vanish at as many initial zeroes of the zeta function as possible. It turned out that such series can produce extremely good approximations to the values of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Gleb Beliakov , Yuri Matiyasevich

In this work, we investigate the positivity of the real part of the log-derivative of the Riemann $\xi$-function in the region $1/2+1/\sqrt{\log t}<\sigma<1$, where $t$ is sufficiently large. We provide an explicit lower bound for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Andrius Grigutis , Lukas Turčinskas

The research shows that Riemann proved that all of zeros of Riemann's zeta function are on $\sigma=1/2$ based on the functional equation \begin{align*} \pi^{-\frac{s}{2}}\Gamma \left( \frac{s}{2} \right) \zeta(s)&={\frac{1}{s(s-1)} +…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Nianrong Feng , Yongzheng Wang

We prove that there exist infinitely many consecutive zeros of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line whose gaps are greater than $3.18$ times the average spacing. Using a modification of our method, we also show that there are even…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-20 H. M. Bui , M. B. Milinovich

The Riemann Hypothesis, originally proposed by the eminent mathematician Bernard Riemann in 1859, remains one of the most profound challenges in number theory. It posits that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function {\zeta}(s) are…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Farid Kenas

This short note presents a peculiar generalization of the Riemann hypothesis, as the action of the permutation group on the elements of continued fractions. The problem is difficult to attack through traditional analytic techniques, and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Linas Vepstas

The main aim of this paper is twofold. First we generalize, in a novel way, most of the known non-vanishing results for the derivatives of the Riemann zeta function by establishing the existence of an infinite sequence of regions in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Thomas Binder , Sebastian Pauli , Filip Saidak

In this paper we perform a detailed analysis of Riemann's hypothesis, dealing with the zeros of the analytically-extended zeta function. We use the functional equation $\zeta(s) = 2^{s}\pi^{s-1}\sin{(\displaystyle \pi…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-06-30 Mercedes Orus-Lacort , Roman Orus , Christophe Jouis

This paper compares the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ with those of a symmetric combination of zeta functions, denoted ${\cal T}_+(s)$, known to have all its zeros located on the critical line $\Re(s)=1/2$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-24 Ross C. McPhedran

Consider the approximation $\tilde{Z}_N(s) = \sum_{n=1}^N n^{-s} + \chi(s) \sum_{n=1}^N n^{1-s}$ of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$, where $\chi(s)$ is the ratio of the gamma functions. This arise from the approximate functional…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Arindam Roy , Kevin You

The Riemann Hypothesis is not proved yet and this article gives a possible proof for the hypothesis which confirms that the only possible nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function has its real value equal to 1/2. From the result, the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-01-07 Jin Gyu Lee

We present an unconditional proof that non-trivial zeros of the Riemann Zeta function must lie strictly on the critical line $\text{Re}(s) = 0.5$. By defining a recursive path of Taylor expansions originating from the domain of absolute…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Yunwei Bai

Let $\sigma,t\in{\mathbb{R}}$, $s=\sigma+\mathrm{{i}}t$, $\Gamma (s)$ be the Gamma function, $\zeta(s)$ be the Riemann zeta function and $\xi(s):=s(s-1)\pi ^{-s/2}\Gamma(s/2)\zeta(s)$ be the complete Riemann zeta function. We show that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-15 Takashi Nakamura

In 1914, Hardy proved that infinitely many non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line using the transformation formula of the Jacobi theta function. Recently the first author obtained an integral representation…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-25 Atul Dixit , Rahul Kumar , Bibekananda Maji , Alexandru Zaharescu

We show that there are an infinite number of Riemann zeros on the critical line, enumerated by the positive integers $n=1,2,\dotsc$, whose ordinates can be obtained as the solution of a new transcendental equation that depends only on $n$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-12 Guilherme França , André LeClair