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Tetravex is a widely played one person computer game in which you are given $n^2$ unit tiles, each edge of which is labelled with a number. The objective is to place each tile within a $n$ by $n$ square such that all neighbouring edges are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-04-18 Yasuhiko Takenaga , Toby Walsh

Wataridori is a pencil puzzle that involves drawing paths in a rectangular grid to connect circles into pairs while satisfying several constraints. In this paper, we prove that deciding whether a given Wataridori puzzle has a solution is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Suthee Ruangwises

We analyze the computational complexity of the video game "CELESTE" and prove that solving a generalized level in it is NP-Complete. Further, we also show how, upon introducing a small change in the game mechanics (adding a new game…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Zeeshan Ahmed , Alapan Chaudhuri , Kunwar Shaanjeet Singh Grover , Ashwin Rao , Kushagra Garg , Pulak Malhotra

Amazons is a board game which combines elements of Chess and Go. It has become popular in recent years, and has served as a useful platform for both game-theoretic study and AI games research. Buro showed that simple Amazons endgames are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Robert A. Hearn

We propose a new kind of sliding-block puzzle, called Gourds, where the objective is to rearrange 1 x 2 pieces on a hexagonal grid board of 2n + 1 cells with n pieces, using sliding, turning and pivoting moves. This puzzle has a single…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Joep Hamersma , Marc van Kreveld , Yushi Uno , Tom C. van der Zanden

We study a popular puzzle game known variously as Clickomania and Same Game. Basically, a rectangular grid of blocks is initially colored with some number of colors, and the player repeatedly removes a chosen connected monochromatic group…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Therese C. Biedl , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Rudolf Fleischer , Lars Jacobsen , J. Ian Munro

This paper investigates the popular card game UNO from the viewpoint of algorithmic combinatorial game theory. We define simple and concise mathematical models for the game, including both cooperative and uncooperative versions, and analyze…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-03 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Nicholas J. A. Harvey , Ryuhei Uehara , Takeaki Uno , Yushi Uno

Despite its long history, the classical game of peg solitaire continues to attract the attention of the scientific community. In this paper, we consider two problems with an algorithmic flavour which are related with this game, namely…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Luciano Gualà , Stefano Leucci , Emanuele Natale , Roberto Tauraso

Triangular peg solitaire is a well-known one-person game or puzzle. When one peg captures many pegs consecutively, this is called a sweep. We investigate whether the game can end in a dramatic fashion, with one peg sweeping all remaining…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-04 George I. Bell

We show that the decision versions of the puzzles Knossos and The Hour-Glass are complete for NP.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-08-03 Holger Petersen

We consider the one-person game of peg solitaire on a triangular board of arbitrary size. The basic game begins from a full board with one peg missing and finishes with one peg at a specified board location. We develop necessary and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-01-17 George I. Bell

We analyze Solo Chess puzzles, where the input is an $n \times n$ board containing some standard Chess pieces of the same color, and the goal is to make a sequence of capture moves to reduce down to a single piece. Prior work analyzes this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Josh Brunner , Lily Chung , Michael Coulombe , Erik D. Demaine , Timothy Gomez , Jayson Lynch

We show that P2T - the problem of deciding whether the edge set of a simple graph can be partitioned into two trees or not - is NP-complete.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-02-23 Domotor Palvolgyi

We establish that the subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) threshold problem for mean-payoff games is NP-complete. While the SPE threshold problem was recently shown to be decidable (in doubly exponential time) and NP-hard, its exact worst…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Léonard Brice , Jean-François Raskin , Marie van den Bogaard

Sudoku is a famous logic puzzle where the player has to fill a number between 1 and 9 into each empty cell of a $9 \times 9$ grid such that every number appears exactly once in each row, each column, and each $3 \times 3$ block. In 2020,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Suthee Ruangwises

Rikudo is a number-placement puzzle, where the player is asked to complete a Hamiltonian path on a hexagonal grid, given some clues (numbers already placed and edges of the path). We prove that the game is complete for NP, even if the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Viet-Ha Nguyen , Kévin Perrot

Bloxorz is an online puzzle game where players move a 1 by 1 by 2 block by tilting it on a subset of the two dimensional grid. Bloxorz features switches that open and close trapdoors. The puzzle is to move the block from its initial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-11-24 Tom C. van der Zanden , Hans L. Bodlaender

We introduce a new family of one-player games, involving the movement of coins from one configuration to another. Moves are restricted so that a coin can be placed only in a position that is adjacent to at least two other coins. The goal of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Helena A. Verrill

We analyze the computational complexity of several new variants of edge-matching puzzles. First we analyze inequality (instead of equality) constraints between adjacent tiles, proving the problem NP-complete for strict inequalities but…

Holzer and Holzer (Discrete Applied Mathematics 144(3):345--358, 2004) proved that the Tantrix(TM) rotation puzzle problem is NP-complete. They also showed that for infinite rotation puzzles, this problem becomes undecidable. We study the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-09 Dorothea Baumeister , Joerg Rothe