Related papers: A Sequence of Relaxations Constraining Hidden Vari…
Our understanding of the dynamics of complex networked systems has increased significantly in the last two decades. However, most of our knowledge is built upon assuming pairwise relations among the system's components. This is often an…
Causal models with unobserved variables impose nontrivial constraints on the distributions over the observed variables. When a common cause of two variables is unobserved, it is impossible to uncover the causal relation between them without…
The combination of various physically plausible properties, such as no signaling, determinism, and experimental free will, is known to be incompatible with quantum correlations. Hence, these properties must be individually or jointly…
Recently a new class of time-dependent Bell inequalities in Wigner form was introduced. The structure of the inequalities allows experimental studies of quantum and open quantum systems in external fields. In this paper we study the…
The linear-in-means model is the standard empirical model of peer effects. Using choice data and exogenous group variation, we first develop a revealed preference style test for the linear-in-means model. This test is formulated as a linear…
Social networks affect the diffusion of information, and thus have the potential to reduce or amplify inequality in access to opportunity. We show empirically that social networks often exhibit a much larger potential for unequal diffusion…
A recent experiment by Brida et al. (arXiv:0705.0439 [quant-ph]) is analyzed with the conclusion that is shows a violation of standard quantum predictions. A simple local hidden variables model is studied which is compatible with the…
In many applications of finance, biology and sociology, complex systems involve entities interacting with each other. These processes have the peculiarity of evolving over time and of comprising latent factors, which influence the system…
This paper presents a novel theoretical framework for understanding how diffusion models can learn disentangled representations. Within this framework, we establish identifiability conditions for general disentangled latent variable models,…
Ising models describe the joint probability distribution of a vector of binary feature variables. Typically, not all the variables interact with each other and one is interested in learning the presumably sparse network structure of the…
Bell inequalities are derived for any number of observers, any number of alternative setups for each one of them, and any number of distinct outcomes for each experiment. It is shown that if a physical system consists of several distant…
Franson showed that Aspect's experiment to test Bell's inequality did not rule out local realistic theories with delayed determinism. A class of local, deterministic discrete mathematical models with delayed determinism is described that…
We derive a Bell-type inequality for observables with arbitrary spectra. For the case of continuous variable systems we propose a possible experimental violation of this inequality, by using squeezed light and homodyne detection together…
In many applications, data can be heterogeneous in the sense of spanning latent groups with different underlying distributions. When predictive models are applied to such data the heterogeneity can affect both predictive performance and…
In this paper we investigate the geometry of a discrete Bayesian network whose graph is a tree all of whose variables are binary and the only observed variables are those labeling its leaves. We provide the full geometric description of…
Explicit local hidden variables models are exhibited that assume a correlation between detection events produced in the same detector at different times. It is shown that some models give predictions closer to the Bell limit than models…
The fields of quantum non-locality in physics, and causal discovery in machine learning, both face the problem of deciding whether observed data is compatible with a presumed causal relationship between the variables (for example a local…
The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…
It is becoming more and more clear that complex networks present remarkable large fluctuations. These fluctuations may manifest differently according to the given model. In this paper we re-consider hidden variable models which turn out to…
We present a selective review on probabilistic modeling of heterogeneity in random graphs. We focus on latent space models and more particularly on stochastic block models and their extensions that have undergone major developments in the…