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Recent work introduced the cube-and-conquer technique to solve hard SAT instances. It partitions the search space into cubes using a lookahead solver. Each cube is tackled by a conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) solver. Crucial for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Peter van der Tak , Marijn J. H. Heule , Armin Biere

Integrating logical reasoning within deep learning architectures has been a major goal of modern AI systems. In this paper, we propose a new direction toward this goal by introducing a differentiable (smoothed) maximum satisfiability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Po-Wei Wang , Priya L. Donti , Bryan Wilder , Zico Kolter

Today's propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers are extremely powerful and can be used as an efficient back-end for solving NP-complete problems. However, many fundamental problems in knowledge representation and reasoning are located at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Ronald de Haan , Stefan Szeider

Domain-specific heuristics are an essential technique for solving combinatorial problems efficiently. Current approaches to integrate domain-specific heuristics with Answer Set Programming (ASP) are unsatisfactory when dealing with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Richard Comploi-Taupe , Gerhard Friedrich , Konstantin Schekotihin , Antonius Weinzierl

We present algorithms based on satisfiability problem (SAT) solving, as well as answer set programming (ASP), for solving the problem of determining inconsistency degrees in propositional knowledge bases. We consider six different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Isabelle Kuhlmann , Anna Gessler , Vivien Laszlo , Matthias Thimm

DPLL algorithm for solving the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) can be represented in the form of a procedure that, using heuristics $A$ and $B$, select the variable $x$ from the input formula $\varphi$ and the value $b$ and runs…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Nikita Gaevoy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced the field of Combinatorial Optimization through automated heuristic generation. Instead of relying on manual design, this LLM-Driven Heuristic Design (LHD) process leverages LLMs to iteratively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Rongzheng Wang , Yihong Huang , Muquan Li , Jiakai Li , Di Liang , Bob Simons , Pei Ke , Shuang Liang , Ke Qin

The IC3 algorithm, also known as PDR, is a SAT-based model checking algorithm that has significantly influenced the field in recent years due to its efficiency, scalability, and completeness. It utilizes SAT solvers to solve a series of SAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuheng Su , Qiusong Yang , Yiwei Ci , Yingcheng Li , Tianjun Bu , Ziyu Huang

We present Woorpje, a string solver for bounded word equations (i.e., equations where the length of each variable is upper bounded by a given integer). Our algorithm works by reformulating the satisfiability of bounded word equations as a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Joel D. Day , Thorsten Ehlers , Mitja Kulczynski , Florin Manea , Dirk Nowotka , Danny Bøgsted Poulsen

CNF-based SAT and MaxSAT solvers are central to logic synthesis and verification systems. The increasing popularity of these constraint problems in electronic design automation encourages studies on different SAT problems and their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Feng Shi , Chonghan Lee , Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Nikhil Shukla , Song-Chun Zhu , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan

Optimization problems such as the NP-complete 3-SAT provide an important benchmark for the difficult task of finding ground-states in strongly correlated many-body systems with rugged energy landscapes. The study of random 3-SAT problems as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-21 J. Schwardt , J. C. Budich

Over the years complexity theorists have proposed many structural parameters to explain the surprising efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) SAT solvers on a wide variety of large industrial Boolean instances. While some of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Edward Zulkoski , Ruben Martins , Christoph Wintersteiger , Robert Robere , Jia Liang , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Vijay Ganesh

Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) is a well-known optimization pro- blem, with several practical applications. The most widely known MAXS AT algorithms are ineffective at solving hard problems instances from practical application domains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-12-10 Joao Marques-Silva , Jordi Planes

SAT technology has proven to be surprisingly effective in a large variety of domains. However, for the Weighted CSP problem dedicated algorithms have always been superior. One approach not well-studied so far is the use of SAT in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Aleksandra Petrova , Javier Larrosa , Emma Rollón

Weighted Logic is a powerful tool for the specification of calculations over semirings that depend on qualitative information. Using a novel combination of Weighted Logic and Here-and-There (HT) Logic, in which this dependence is based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Thomas Eiter , Rafael Kiesel

Previous efforts on making Satisfiability (SAT) solving fit for high performance computing (HPC) have lead to super-linear speedups on particular formulae, but for most inputs cannot make efficient use of a large number of processors.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Dominik Schreiber , Peter Sanders

This work presents two new algorithms for performing constraint satisfaction. The first algorithm presented, DMaxWalkSat, is a constraint solver specialized for solving dynamic, weighted constraint satisfaction problems. The second…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-07-23 Gregory Hasseler

Domain-specific heuristics are an important technique for solving combinatorial problems efficiently. We propose a novel semantics for declarative specifications of domain-specific heuristics in Answer Set Programming (ASP). Decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Richard Taupe , Konstantin Schekotihin , Peter Schüller , Antonius Weinzierl , Gerhard Friedrich

We offer a new understanding of some aspects of practical SAT-solvers that are based on DPLL with unit-clause propagation, clause-learning, and restarts. We do so by analyzing a concrete algorithm which we claim is faithful to what…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Albert Atserias , Johannes Klaus Fichte , Marc Thurley

More and more languages have a need for constraint solving capabilities for features like error detection or automatic code generation. Imagine a dependently typed language that can immediately implement a program as soon as its type is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Arved Friedemann , Oliver Keszocze
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