Related papers: Background-Independence

Not only in physical string theories, but also in some highly simplified situations, background independence has been difficult to understand. It is argued that the ``holomorphic anomaly'' of Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri, and Vafa gives a…

I lay out the problem of time facets as arising piecemeal from a number of aspects of background independence. Almost all of these already have simpler classical counterparts. This approach can be viewed as a facet by facet completion of…

In an earlier paper [arXiv:1408.0484] gauge invariant and background covariant equations for closed string modes were obtained from the exact renormalization group equation of the world sheet theory. The background metric (but not the…

Conditional independence is a crucial concept supporting adequate modelling and efficient reasoning in probabilistics. In knowledge representation, the idea of conditional independence has also been introduced for specific formalisms, such…

In general quantum systems there are two kinds of spacetime modes, those that fluctuate and those that do not. Fluctuating modes have normalizable wavefunctions. In the context of 2D gravity and ``non-critical'' string theory these are…

Classical field theory is considered as a theory of unparametrized surfaces embedded in a configuration space, which accommodates, in a symmetric way, spacetime positions and field values. Dynamics is defined by a (Hamiltonian) constraint…

The analyzability of the universe into subsystems requires a concept of the "independence" of the subsystems, of which the relativistic quantum world supports many distinct notions which either coincide or are trivial in the classical…

Statistical independence is a notion ubiquitous in various fields such as in statistics, probability, number theory and physics. We establish the stability of independence for any pair of random variables by their corresponding Brockwell…

Quantum fields in time-dependent backgrounds generally lead to particle production. Here we consider "unexciting" backgrounds for which the net particle production vanishes. We start by considering the simple harmonic oscillator and…

Any canonical quantum theory can be understood to arise from the compatibility of the statistical geometry of distinguishable observations with the canonical Poisson structure of Hamiltonian dynamics. This geometric perspective offers a…

In this paper we would like to propose the background independent formulation of Berkovits' superstring field theory. Then we will show that the solution of equation of motion of this theory leads to the Berkovits' superstring field theory…

From classical mechanics to quantum field theory, the physical facts at one point in space are held to be independent of those at other points in space. I propose that we can usefully challenge this orthodoxy in order to explain otherwise…

Two objects are independent if they do not affect each other. Independence is well-understood in classical information theory, but less in algorithmic information theory. Working in the framework of algorithmic information theory, the paper…

Context-dependent nature of biological phenomena are well documented in every branch of biology. While there have been few previous attempts to (implicitly) model various facets of biological context-dependence, a formal and general…

We present a derivation of the effect of the classical field configuration to the diffusion equations. Using the formalism of the thermo field dynamics we propose a systematic and consistent way to treat the classical background and to…

We develope the framework of transitional conditional independence. For this we introduce transition probability spaces and transitional random variables. These constructions will generalize, strengthen and unify previous notions of…

Duality transformations within the quantum mechanics of a finite number of degrees of freedom can be regarded as the dependence of the notion of a quantum, i.e., an elementary excitation of the vacuum, on the observer on classical phase…

Forking is a central notion of model theory, generalizing linear independence in vector spaces and algebraic independence in fields. We develop the theory of forking in abstract, category-theoretic terms, for reasons both practical (we…

This paper presents correct algorithms for answering the following two questions; (i) Does there exist a causal explanation consistent with a set of background knowledge which explains all of the observed independence facts in a sample?…

We show that in a spontaneously broken effective gauge field theory, quantized in a general background $R_\xi$-gauge, also the background fields undergo a non-linear (albeit background-gauge invariant) field redefinition induced by…