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The isothermal dynamical evolution of a clumpy and turbulent molecular cloud region and its fragmentation into a protostellar cluster is investigated numerically. The effect of different initial density and velocity distributions, generated…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ralf S. Klessen , Andreas Burkert

We introduce a method for calculating the probability density function (PDF) of a turbulent density field in three dimensions using only information contained in the projected two-dimensional column density field. We test the method by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Christopher M. Brunt , Christoph Federrath , Daniel J. Price

Magnetic fields are dynamically important in the diffuse interstellar medium. Understanding how gravitationally bound, star-forming clouds form requires modeling of the fields in a self-consistent, supernova-driven, turbulent, magnetized,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-16 Juan C. Ibáñez-Mejía , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Ralf S. Klessen

Despite the simplicity of theoretical models of supersonically turbulent, isothermal media, their predictions successfully match the observed gas structure and star formation activity within low-pressure (P/k < 10^5 K cm^-3) molecular…

We use a suite of 3D simulations of star-forming molecular clouds, with and without stellar feedback and magnetic fields, to investigate the effectiveness of different fitting methods for volume and column density probability distribution…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-22 Avery Kiihne , Sabrina M. Appel , Blakesley Burkhart , Vadim A. Semenov , Christoph Federrath

We use a suite of 3D simulations of star-forming molecular clouds, with and without stellar feedback, magnetic fields, and driven turbulence, to study the compression and expansion rates of the gas as functions of density. We show that,…

It is generally believed that angular momentum is distributed during the gravitational collapse of the primordial star forming cloud. However, so far there has been little understanding of the exact details of the distribution. We use the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-14 Jayanta Dutta

We investigate the behavior of the magnetic pressure, $b^2$, in fully turbulent MHD flows in ``1+2/3'' dimensions by means of its effect on the probability density function (PDF) of the density field. We start by reviewing our previous…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni , Thierry Passot

We present an analysis of probability distribution functions (pdfs) of column density in different zones of the star-forming region Perseus and its diffuse environment based on the map of dust opacity at 353 GHz available from the Planck…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-06 Orlin Stanchev , Todor V. Veltchev , Jens Kauffmann , Sava Donkov , Rahul Shetty , Bastian Körtgen , Ralf S. Klessen

In order to understand the origin of observed molecular cloud properties, it is critical to understand how clouds interact with their environments during their formation, growth, and collapse. It has been suggested that accretion-driven…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-21 Juan C. Ibáñez-Mejía , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Ralf S. Klessen , Christian Baczynski

We study the probability distribution function (PDF) of the mass density in simulations of supersonic turbulence with properties appropriate for molecular clouds. For this study we use Athena, a new higher-order Godunov code. We find there…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-23 M. Nicole Lemaster , James M. Stone

Stars form from molecular gas under complex conditions influenced by multiple competing physical mechanisms, such as gravity, turbulence, and magnetic fields. However, accurately identifying the fraction of gas actively involved in star…

We study numerically the formation of molecular clouds in large-scale colliding flows including self-gravity. The models emphasize the competition between the effects of gravity on global and local scales in an isolated cloud. Global…

Constraining the physical and chemical evolution of molecular clouds is essential to our understanding of star formation. These investigations often necessitate knowledge of some local representative number density of the gas along the line…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-02 Brandt A. L. Gaches , Michael Y. Grudić

We review recent results from numerical simulations and related models of MHD turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) and in molecular clouds. We discuss the implications of turbulence for the processes of cloud formation and evolution,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Vazquez-Semadeni , E. C. Ostriker , T. Passot , C. F. Gammie , J. M. Stone

We present synthetic Hi and CO observations of a simulation of decaying turbulence in the thermally bistable neutral medium. We first present the simulation, with clouds initially consisting of clustered clumps. Self-gravity causes these…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-06 Jonathan S. Heiner , Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni , Javier Ballesteros-Paredes

We numerically study the volume density probability distribution function (n-PDF) and the column density probability distribution function (Sigma-PDF) resulting from thermally bistable turbulent flows. We analyze three-dimensional…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Adriana Gazol , Jongsoo Kim

Observations show that molecular gas in spiral galaxies is organized into a network of interconnected systems through the gravitational coupling of multi-scale hub-filament structures. Building on this picture, we model molecular gas in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-31 J. W. Zhou , Guang-Xing Li

We study the dynamical state of cores by using a simple analytical model, a sample of observational massive cores, and numerical simulations of collapsing massive cores. From the model, we find that, if cores are formed from turbulent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-27 Javier Ballesteros-Paredes , Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni , Aina Palau , Ralf S. Klessen

The probability density function (PDF) of flux $R$ is computed in systems with logarithmic non-linearity using a model non-linear dynamical equation. The PDF tails of the first moment flux are analytically predicted to be power law. These…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2010-03-12 Johan Anderson , Eun-jin Kim