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We discuss the dependence of various properties of the star formation rate (SFR) and efficiency (SFE) in molecular clouds (MCs) on the maximum mass reached by the clouds, based on a previously-published model for MC and SFR evolution in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Manuel Zamora-Avilés , Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni

In previous contributions, we have presented an analytical model describing the evolution of molecular clouds (MCs) undergoing hierarchical gravitational contraction. The cloud's evolution is characterized by an initial increase in its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-18 Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni , Manuel Zamora-Avilés , Roberto Galván-Madrid , Jan Forbrich

We investigate the formation and evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) by the collision of convergent warm neutral medium (WNM) streams in the interstellar medium, in the presence of magnetic fields and ambipolar diffusion (AD),…

The star formation efficiency (SFE) measures the proportion of molecular gas converted into stars, while the star formation rate (SFR) indicates the rate at which gas is transformed into stars. Here we propose such a model in the framework…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-25 An-Xu Luo , Hong-Li Liu , Jin-Zeng Li

We study the formation of giant dense cloud complexes and of stars within them by means of SPH numerical simulations of the mildly supersonic collision of gas streams (``inflows'') in the warm neutral medium (WNM). The resulting…

We analyze the first giant molecular cloud (GMC) simulation to follow the formation of individual stars and their feedback from jets, radiation, winds, and supernovae, using the STARFORGE framework in the GIZMO code. We evolve the GMC for…

We numerically investigate the effect of feedback from the ionizing radiation heating from massive stars on the evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and their star formation efficiency (SFE). We find that the star-forming regions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni , Pedro Colin , Gilberto C. Gomez , Alan Watson

Molecular clouds are supported by turbulence and magnetic fields, but quantifying their influence on cloud lifecycle and star formation efficiency (SFE) remains an open question. We perform radiation MHD simulations of star-forming giant…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-05 Jeong-Gyu Kim , Eve C. Ostriker , Nina Filippova

We investigate the formation and evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in a Milky-Way-like disk galaxy with a flat rotation curve. We perform a series of 3D adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) numerical simulations that follow both the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-22 Elizabeth J. Tasker , Jonathan C. Tan

Collisions between giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are one of the pathways for massive star formation, due to the high densities created. However the enhancement of the star formation rate (SFR) is not well constrained. In this study we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-01-13 Glen H. Hunter , Paul C. Clark , Simon C. O. Glover , Ralf S. Klessen

We present a numerical study of the evolution of molecular clouds, from their formation by converging flows in the warm ISM, to their destruction by the ionizing feedback of the massive stars they form. We improve with respect to our…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-15 Pedro Colin , Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni , Gilberto C. Gomez

We compute the star formation rate (SFR) in molecular clouds (MCs) that originate {\it ab initio} in a new, higher-resolution simulation of supernova-driven turbulence. Because of the large number of well-resolved clouds with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-10 Paolo Padoan , Troels Haugbølle , Åke Nordlund , Søren Frimann

Measurements of the star formation efficiency (SFE) of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Milky Way generally show a large scatter, which could be intrinsic or observational. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations of GMCs (including…

In this work, we trace the complete life cycle of individual GMCs in high-resolution Milky Way-mass galaxy simulations to determine how different stellar feedback mechanisms and galactic-scale processes govern cloud lifetimes, mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-22 Yang Ni , Hui Li , Mark Vogelsberger , Laura V. Sales , Federico Marinacci , Paul Torrey

We compile a holistic scenario for molecular cloud (MC) evolution and control of the star formation efficiency (SFE), and present a first set of numerical tests of it. A {\it lossy} compressible cascade can generate density fluctuations and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Vazquez-Semadeni , J. Ballesteros-Paredes , R. S. Klessen

I describe the scenario of molecular cloud (MC) evolution that has emerged over the past decade or so. MCs can start out as cold atomic clouds formed by compressive motions in the warm neutral medium (WNM) of galaxies. Such motions can be…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-09-22 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni

Galactic star formation scaling relations show increased scatter from kpc to sub-kpc scales. Investigating this scatter may hold important clues to how the star formation process evolves in time and space. Here, we combine different…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-14 Bram B. Ochsendorf , Margaret Meixner , Julia Roman-Duval , Mubdi Rahman , Neal J. Evans

Recent radio observations show that the giant molecular cloud (GMC) mass functions noticeably vary across galactic disks. High-resolution magnetohydrodynamics simulations show that multiple episodes of compression are required for creating…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-21 Masato I. N. Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Kenji Hasegawa

UV radiation feedback from young massive stars plays a key role in the evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) by photoevaporating and ejecting the surrounding gas. We conduct a suite of radiation hydrodynamic simulations of star cluster…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-06 Jeong-Gyu Kim , Woong-Tae Kim , Eve C. Ostriker

We present a detailed study of the evolution of GMCs in a galactic disc simulation. We follow individual GMCs (defined in our simulations by a total column density criterion), including their level of star formation, from their formation to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-15 C. L. Dobbs , J. E. Pringle
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