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Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods see many uses in optimization problems. Modifications to the algorithm, such as momentum-based SGD methods have been known to produce better results in certain cases. Much of this, however, is due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Eric Lu

We demonstrate that applying an eventual decay to the learning rate (LR) in empirical risk minimization (ERM), where the mean-squared-error loss is minimized using standard gradient descent (GD) for training a two-layer neural network with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Kyle Sung , Kholood Khalil , Noah Forman , Steven Samu , Anastasis Kratsios

We introduce \textsc{$k$-lazyGD}, an online learning algorithm that bridges the gap between greedy Online Gradient Descent (OGD, for $k{=}1$) and lazy GD/dual-averaging (for $k{=}T$), creating a spectrum between reactive and stable updates.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Naram Mhaisen , George Iosifidis

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has become one of the most popular optimization methods for training machine learning models on massive datasets. However, SGD suffers from two main drawbacks: (i) The noisy gradient updates have high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Soham De , Tom Goldstein

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of large-scale learning, yet classical analyses rely on assumptions that can be either too strong (bounded variance) or too coarse (uniform noise). The expected smoothness (ES) condition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yuta Kawamoto , Hideaki Iiduka

Machine learning models trained with \emph{stochastic} gradient descent (SGD) can generalize better than those trained with deterministic gradient descent (GD). In this work, we study SGD's impact on generalization through the lens of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hongjian Lan , Yucong Liu , Florian Schäfer

Over the last decades, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has been intensively studied by the Machine Learning community. Despite its versatility and excellent performance, the optimization of large models via SGD still is a time-consuming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mauro DL Tosi , Martin Theobald

In this paper, online convex optimization is applied to the problem of controlling linear dynamical systems. An algorithm similar to online gradient descent, which can handle time-varying and unknown cost functions, is proposed. Then,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Marko Nonhoff , Matthias A. Müller

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an essential element in Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Asynchronous parallel shared-memory SGD (AsyncSGD), including synchronization-free algorithms, e.g. HOGWILD!, have received interest in certain…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Karl Bäckström , Ivan Walulya , Marina Papatriantafilou , Philippas Tsigas

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization algorithm plays a central role in a series of machine learning applications. The scientific literature provides a vast amount of upper error bounds for the SGD method. Much less attention…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-05 Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Voltage stability refers to the ability of a power system to maintain acceptable voltages among all buses under normal operating conditions and after a disturbance. In this paper, a measurement-based voltage stability assessment (VSA)…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Zhijie Nie , Xiaohu Zhang , Xiaoying Zhao , Yiran Xu , Di Shi , Jiajun Duan , Zhiwei Wang

Asynchronous distributed stochastic gradient descent methods have trouble converging because of stale gradients. A gradient update sent to a parameter server by a client is stale if the parameters used to calculate that gradient have since…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-01-18 Augustus Odena

We propose a projected semi-stochastic gradient descent method with mini-batch for improving both the theoretical complexity and practical performance of the general stochastic gradient descent method (SGD). We are able to prove linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Jie Liu , Martin Takac

Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) methods for anomaly detection are introduced via a security-related application. Operational requirements for online learning stability are outlined and compared to mathematical definitions as applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-19 Magnus Jändel , Pontus Svenson , Niclas Wadströmer

Online learning is a powerful tool for analyzing iterative algorithms. However, the classic adversarial setup sometimes fails to capture certain regularity in online problems in practice. Motivated by this, we establish a new setup, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Ching-An Cheng , Jonathan Lee , Ken Goldberg , Byron Boots

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) has become the standard algorithm for training machine learning models with rigorous privacy guarantees. Despite its widespread use, the theoretical understanding of its long-run…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Amartya Mukherjee , Jun Liu

We propose an online learning algorithm for a class of machine learning models under a separable stochastic approximation framework. The essence of our idea lies in the observation that certain parameters in the models are easier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Min Gan , Xiang-xiang Su , Guang-yong Chen , Jing Chen

Recent research shows that when Gradient Descent (GD) is applied to neural networks, the loss almost never decreases monotonically. Instead, the loss oscillates as gradient descent converges to its ''Edge of Stability'' (EoS). Here, we find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Itai Kreisler , Mor Shpigel Nacson , Daniel Soudry , Yair Carmon

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a popular optimization method which has been applied to many important machine learning tasks such as Support Vector Machines and Deep Neural Networks. In order to parallelize SGD, minibatch training is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 Peilin Zhao , Tong Zhang

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) based methods have been widely used for training large-scale machine learning models that also generalize well in practice. Several explanations have been offered for this generalization performance, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Yikai Zhang , Wenjia Zhang , Sammy Bald , Vamsi Pingali , Chao Chen , Mayank Goswami