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The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been successful in mathematical reasoning tasks such as formal theorem proving when integrated with interactive proof assistants like Lean. Existing approaches involve training or fine-tuning an LLM on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Adarsh Kumarappan , Mo Tiwari , Peiyang Song , Robert Joseph George , Chaowei Xiao , Anima Anandkumar

Theorem proving is a fundamental aspect of mathematics, spanning from informal reasoning in natural language to rigorous derivations in formal systems. In recent years, the advancement of deep learning, especially the emergence of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Zhaoyu Li , Jialiang Sun , Logan Murphy , Qidong Su , Zenan Li , Xian Zhang , Kaiyu Yang , Xujie Si

In recent years we have explored using Haskell alongside a traditional mathematical formalism in our large-enrolment university course on topics including logic and formal languages, aiming to offer our students a programming perspective on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Matthew Farrugia-Roberts , Bryn Jeffries , Harald Søndergaard

This work discusses an approach to teach to mathematicians the importance and effectiveness of the application of Interactive Theorem Proving tools in their specific fields of interest. The approach aims to motivate the use of such tools…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Mauricio Ayala-Rincón , Thaynara Arielly de Lima

The LCF tradition of interactive theorem proving, which was started by Milner in the 1970-ies, appears to be tied to the classic READ-EVAL-PRINT-LOOP of sequential and synchronous evaluation of prover commands. We break up this loop and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Makarius Wenzel

We present a novel technique for combining statistical machine learning for proof-pattern recognition with symbolic methods for lemma discovery. The resulting tool, ACL2(ml), gathers proof statistics and uses statistical pattern-recognition…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-16 Jónathan Heras , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Moa Johansson , Ewen Maclean

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in formal theorem proving, yet evaluating semantic correctness remains challenging. Existing evaluations rely on indirect proxies such as lexical overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Hojae Han , Seung-won Hwang

Test or prove? These two approaches to software verification have long been presented as opposites. One is dynamic, the other static: a test executes the program, a proof only analyzes the program text. A different perspective is emerging,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Li Huang , Bertrand Meyer , Manuel Oriol

We present a reinforcement learning toolkit for experiments with guiding automated theorem proving in the connection calculus. The core of the toolkit is a compact and easy to extend Prolog-based automated theorem prover called plCoP. plCoP…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Zsolt Zombori , Josef Urban , Chad E. Brown

We aim to solve the problem of temporal-constraint learning from demonstrations to reproduce demonstration-like logic-constrained behaviors. Learning logic constraints is challenging due to the combinatorially large space of possible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Minwoo Cho , Jaehwi Jang , Daehyung Park

As language models continue to rapidly improve, we can expect their actions and reasoning to become difficult or impossible for weaker agents and humans to follow, undermining interpretability and oversight. With an eye on long-term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Robert West , Ashton Anderson , Ece Kamar , Eric Horvitz

We introduce LADDER (Learning through Autonomous Difficulty-Driven Example Recursion), a framework which enables Large Language Models to autonomously improve their problem-solving capabilities through self-guided learning by recursively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Toby Simonds , Akira Yoshiyama

Interactive theorem provers such as Coq are powerful tools to formally guarantee the correctness of software. However, using these tools requires significant manual effort and expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Minghai Lu , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang

We present IntelliProof, an interactive system for analyzing argumentative essays through LLMs. IntelliProof structures an essay as an argumentation graph, where claims are represented as nodes, supporting evidence is attached as node…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Katharine Kowalyshyn , Kabir Pamnani , Anesu Gavhera , Vasanth Sarathy , Matthias Scheutz

LLM-based formal proof assistants (e.g., in Lean) hold great promise for automating mathematical discovery. But beyond syntactic correctness, do these systems truly understand mathematical structure as humans do? We investigate this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haoyu Zhao , Yihan Geng , Shange Tang , Yong Lin , Bohan Lyu , Hongzhou Lin , Chi Jin , Sanjeev Arora

ACL2(ml) is an extension for the Emacs interface of ACL2. This tool uses machine-learning to help the ACL2 user during the proof-development. Namely, ACL2(ml) gives hints to the user in the form of families of similar theorems, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-06-09 Jónathan Heras , Ekaterina Komendantskaya

Machine-assisted theorem proving refers to the process of conducting structured reasoning to automatically generate proofs for mathematical theorems. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in using machine learning models in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Leni Aniva , Chuyue Sun , Brando Miranda , Clark Barrett , Sanmi Koyejo

Software testing plays a critical role in ensuring that systems behave as intended. However, existing automated testing approaches struggle to match the capabilities of human engineers due to key limitations such as test locality, lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kangping Xu , Yifan Luo , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

The heterogeneous nature of the logical foundations used in different interactive proof assistant libraries has rendered discovery of similar mathematical concepts among them difficult. In this paper, we compare a previously proposed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Qingxiang Wang , Cezary Kaliszyk