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Related papers: Very Large Array Observations of Ammonia in Infrar…

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We aim at characterising dense cores in the clustered environments associated with massive star-forming regions. For this, we present an uniform analysis of VLA NH3(1,1) and (2,2) observations towards a sample of 15 massive star-forming…

Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are cold, dense regions that are usually found within Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). Ongoing star formation within IRDCs is typically still deeply embedded within the surrounding molecular gas. Characterising…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-09 A. T. Barnes , S. Kong , J. C. Tan , J. D. Henshaw , P. Caselli , I. Jimenez-Serra , F. Fontani

In the inner parts of the Galaxy the Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are presently believed to be the progenitors of massive stars and star clusters. Many of them are predominantly devoid of active star formation and for now they represent the…

The nitrogen chemical evolution during star and planet formation is still not fully understood. Ammonia (NH$_3$) is a key specie in the understanding of the molecular evolution in star-forming clouds and nitrogen isotope fractionation. In…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-21 Yoshihide Yamato , Kenji Furuya , Yuri Aikawa , Magnus V. Persson , John J. Tobin , Jes K. Jørgensen , Mihkel Kama

Identified as extinction features against the bright Galactic mid-infrared background, infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are thought to harbor the very earliest stages of star and cluster formation. In order to better characterize the properties…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 J. M. Rathborne , J. M. Jackson , E. T. Chambers , I. Stojimirovic , R. Simon , R. Shipman , W. Frieswijk

Context: Despite their profound effect on the universe, the formation of massive stars and stellar clusters remains elusive. In the past decade, compelling evidence has emerged that suggests Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) may be precursors to…

We present Submillimeter Array (SMA) $\lambda =$ 0.88 and 1.3 mm broad band observations, and the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations in $\rm{NH_3}$ $(J,K) = (1,1)$ up to $(5,5)$, $\rm{H_2O}$ and $\rm{CH_3OH}$ maser lines toward the…

The 14N/15N ratio in molecules exhibits a large variation in star-forming regions, especially when measured from N2H+ isotopologues. However, there are only a few studies performed at high-angular resolution. We present the first…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-31 F. Fontani , A. T. Barnes , P. Caselli , J. D. Henshaw , G. Cosentino , I. Jiménez-Serra , J. C. Tan , J. E. Pineda , C. Y. Law

The (J,K) = (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), and (4,4) inversion lines of ammonia (NH3) have been detected toward the nuclear 40'' sized bar of the nearby spiral galaxy Maffei 2. The relative intensities of the ammonia lines are characterized by a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 C. Henkel , R. Mauersberger , A. B. Peck , H. Falcke , Y. Hagiwara

With a goal toward deriving the physical conditions in external galaxies, we present a study of the ammonia (NH$_3$) emission and absorption in a sample of star forming systems. Using the unique sensitivities to kinetic temperature afforded…

Context: Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) harbor progenitors of high-mass stars. Little is known of the parental molecular clouds of the IRDCs. Aims: We demonstrate the feasibility of the near-infrared (NIR) dust extinction mapping in tracing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 J. Kainulainen , J. Alves , H. Beuther , T. Henning , F. Schuller

With the 30-m IRAM radio telescope, we observed several massive star forming regions at wavelengths of 3-4 and 2 mm. The temperature of the gas in the sources was estimated from the lines of CH$_{3}$CCH and from the transitions of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-13 A. G. Pazukhin , I. I. Zinchenko , E. A. Trofimova , C. Henkel

We examine the physical properties and evolutionary stages of a sample of 17 clumps within 8 Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) by combining existing infrared, millimeter, and radio data with new Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) 1.1 mm data,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 Cara Battersby , John Bally , James M. Jackson , Adam Ginsburg , Yancy L. Shirley , Wayne Schlingman , Jason Glenn

We present a large-scale, interferometric survey of ammonia (1,1) and (2,2) toward the Galactic Center observed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The survey covers Delta l ~1degree (~150pc) at an assumed distance of 8.5…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-18 Juergen Ott , Axel Weiss , Lister Staveley-Smith , Christian Henkel , David S. Meier

We present initial results from the K-band focal plane array Examinations of Young STellar Object Natal Environments (KEYSTONE) survey, a large project on the 100-m Green Bank Telescope mapping ammonia emission across eleven giant molecular…

Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are thought to be potential hosts of the elusive early phases of high-mass star formation. Here we conduct an in-depth kinematic analysis of one such IRDC, G034.43+00.24 (Cloud F), using high sensitivity and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-22 A. T. Barnes , J. D. Henshaw , P. Caselli , I. Jimenez-Serra , J. C. Tan , F. Fontani , A. Pon , S. Ragan

Aims: The G28.37+0.07 star-forming region is a prototypical infrared dark cloud (IRDC) located at the interface of a converging gas flow. This study characterizes the properties of this dynamic gas flow. Methods: Combining data from the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-13 H. Beuther , C. Gieser , H. Linz , Q. Zhang , S. Feng , A. Ahmadi , J. D. Soler , D. Semenov , M. R. A. Wells , S. Reyes-Reyes

Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) likely represent very early stages of high-mass star/star cluster formation. In this study, we aim to determine the physical properties and spatial distribution of dense clumps in the IRDC MSXDC G304.74+01.32…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Oskari Miettinen , Jorma Harju

The first detection of ammonia (NH3) is reported from the Magellanic Clouds. Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we present a targeted search for the (J,K) = (1,1) and (2,2) inversion lines towards seven prominent star-forming…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Juergen Ott , Christian Henkel , Lister Staveley-Smith , Axel Weiss

Context: Atomic and molecular cloud formation is a dynamical process. However, kinematic signatures of these processes are still observationally poorly constrained. Methods: Targeting the cloud-scale environment of the prototypical infrared…