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The equations of motion describing all physical systems, except gravity, remain invariant if a constant is added to the Lagrangian. In the conventional approach, gravitational theories break this symmetry exhibited by all other physical…
It has been recently shown in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 (2020) 041302] that microstate counting carried out for quantum states residing on the horizon of a black hole leads to a correction of the form $\exp(-A/4l_p^2)$ in the Bekenstein-Hawking…
We derive the Einstein field equations and black hole entropy from the first law of thermodynamics on a holographic time-like screen. Because of the universality of gravity, the stress tensor on the screen must be independent of the details…
In this study, we propose an extension of general relativity inspired by the van der Waals equation of state, incorporating non-ideal thermodynamic effects into the gravitational sector. Our approach is based on the thermodynamic…
A coarse-grained version of the effective action is used to study the thermodynamics of black holes, interpolating from largest to smallest masses. The physical parameter of the black hole are linked to the running couplings by…
The use of statistical methods to model gravitational systems is crucial to physics practice, but the extent to which thermodynamics and statistical mechanics genuinely apply to these systems is a contentious issue. This paper provides new…
We show, using purely classical considerations and logical extrapolation of results belonging to point particle theories, that the metric background field in which a string propagates must satisfy an Einstein or an Einstein-like equation.…
The Einstein-Hilbert action (and thus the dynamics of gravity) can be obtained by combining the principle of equivalence, special relativity and quantum theory in the Rindler frame and postulating that the horizon area must be proportional…
Einstein's theory of gravitation that governs the geometry of space-time, coupled with spectacular advance in cosmological observations, promises to deliver a `standard model' of cosmology in the near future. However, local geometry of…
Using the quantum Hamiltonian for a gravitational system with boundary, we find the partition function and derive the resulting thermodynamics. The Hamiltonian is the boundary term required by functional differentiability of the action for…
The paper studies the possible interplay between matter and geometry in scalar tensor theories of gravitation where the energy--momentum tensor is directly coupled with the Einstein tensor. After obtaining the scalar tensor representation…
Starting from a new understanding of the vacuum energy problem based on the combination of the phase space regularization and the holographic bound, we argue that quantum gravity should be understood as gravitized quantum theory, that is,…
Motivated by the corrected form of the entropy-area law, and with the help of von Neumann entropy of quantum matter, we construct an emergent spacetime by the virtue of the geometric language of statistical information manifolds. We discuss…
The holographic property of entropy plays a key role in the thermodynamic description of gravitational field equations. It remains unclear, we argue, whether this property is necessarily interwoven with gravity itself or can be understood…
Field equations of a classical, geometric, theory of gravity, augmented with some semiclassical considerations strongly suggest that the gravitational field representing a stationary black hole can be simply described with a few…
In a geometric unified theory there is an energy momentum equation, apart from the field equations and equations of motion. The general relativity Einstein equation with cosmological constant follows from this energy momentum equation for…
In this paper, we study massive gravity in the presence of Born-Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics. First, we obtain metric function related to this gravity and investigate the geometry of the solutions and find that there is an essential…
The description of gravity in the form of an embedding theory is based on the hypothesis that our space-time is a four-dimensional surface in a flat ten-dimensional space. The choice of standard Einstein-Hilbert action leads in this case to…
In the extended phase space approach, one can define thermodynamic pressure and volume that gives rise to the van der Waals type phase transition for black holes. For Einstein's GR, the expressions of these quantities are unanimously…
Previously, the Einstein equation has been described as an equation of state, general relativity as the equilibrium state of gravity, and $f({\cal R})$ gravity as a non-equilibrium one. We apply Eckart's first order thermodynamics to the…