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Gravitational lensing constitutes one of the most direct observational manifestations of spacetime curvature and provides a powerful probe of compact astrophysical objects. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the bending of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Partha Pratim Basumallick , Saheb Das , Bhaswati Mandal , Subhadip Sau

We study gravitational lensing by compact objects in gravity theories that can be written in a Post-Post-Newtonian (PPN) framework: i.e., the metric is static and spherically symmetric, and can be written as a Taylor series in m/r, where m…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Charles R. Keeton , A. O. Petters

We develop a non--perturbative method that yields analytical expressions for the deflection angle of light in a general static and spherically symmetric metric. It is an improvement on a method previously devised by the authors, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Paolo Amore , Mayra Cervantes , Arturo De Pace , Francisco M. Fernandez

As an important candidate theory of gravity, Brans-Dicke theory has been widely studied. In this paper, we investigate light bending and gravitational lensing by compact objects in Brans-Dicke theory in weak gravitational field. Firstly, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-25 Xiaojun Gao , Shupeng Song , Jinsong Yang

We discuss, without assuming asymptotic flatness, a gravitational lens for an observer and source that are within a finite distance from a lens object. The proposed lens equation is consistent with the deflection angle of light that is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-30 Keita Takizawa , Toshiaki Ono , Hideki Asada

Weak gravitational lensing by black holes and wormholes in the context of massive gravity (Bebronne and Tinyakov 2009) theory is studied. The particular solution examined is characterized by two integration constants, the mass $M$ and an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-01 Kimet Jusufi , Nayan Sarkar , Farook Rahaman , Ayan Banerjee , Sudan Hansraj

We extend the theory of weak gravitational lensing to cosmologies with generalized gravity, described in the Lagrangian by a generic function depending on the Ricci scalar and a non-minimal coupled scalar field. We work out the generalized…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Viviana Acquaviva , Carlo Baccigalupi , Francesca Perrotta

We investigate gravitational lensing in the Palatini approach to the f(R) extended theories of gravity. Starting from an exact solution of the f(R) field equations, which corresponds to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric and, on the basis…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-22 Matteo Luca Ruggiero

We consider gravitational lensing under a weak-field approximation and in a strong deflection limit by a Bronnikov-Kim wormhole with the same metric as the one of a wormhole which has been suggested in Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell theory. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-08 Naoki Tsukamoto

Gravitation lensing calculations, which are generally done for light ray, are extended to that for a massive particle. Many interesting results were observed. We discuss the scattering cross section along-with many consequential quantities…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Nikhil J. Joshi

In this work we introduced a new proposal to study the gravitational lensing theory by spherical lenses, starting from its surface mass density $\Sigma(x)$ written in terms of a decreasing function $f$ of a dimensionless coordinate $x$ on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-21 Roger Hurtado , Leonardo Castaneda , Juan M. Tejeiro

Gravitational light deflection is known as one of three classical tests of general relativity and the angle of deflection may be computed explicitly using approximate or exact solutions describing the gravitational force generated from a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-28 Chenmei Xu , Yisong Yang

Time delays are a key observable in strong gravitational lensing systems. Their theoretical expression is usually written as a sum of a geometrical delay and a Shapiro delay, with cosmology entering through angular diameter distances and a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Luca Teodori , Kfir Blum , Zhaoyu Bai

From the Schwarzschild metric we obtain the higher-order terms (up to 20-th order) for the deflection of light around a massive object using the Lindstedt-Poincar\'e method to solve the equation of motion of a photon around the stellar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-20 Carlos Rodriguez , Carlos Marín

In this letter we apply the Gauss--Bonnet theorem (GB) to calculate the deflection angle by a quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole in the weak limit approximation. In particular we calculate the light deflection by two types of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-09 Kimet Jusufi

We study gravitational lensing by $k-n$ generalized black-bounce space-times both in regimes of weak and strong field approximations. These metrics interpolate between regular black holes and one-way or traversable wormholes. First, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-29 C. Furtado , A. L. A. Moreira , J. R. Nascimento , A. Yu. Petrov , P. J. Porfirio

In this article, we study the weak gravitational lensing in the background of regular, static, spherically symmetric black hole solutions of Einstein's standard general relativity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics. The weak deflection…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-04 Susmita Sarkar , Nayan Sarkar , Hasrat Hussian Shah , Pankaj Balo , Farook Rahaman

The metric outside an isolated object made up of ordinary matter is bound to be the classical Schwarzschild vacuum solution of General Relativity. Nevertheless, some solutions are known (e.g. Morris-Thorne wormholes) that do not match…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-01 V. Bozza , A. Postiglione

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of weak gravitational lensing and its current applications in cosmology. We begin by introducing the fundamental concepts of gravitational lensing and derive the key equations for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-06 J. Prat , D. Bacon

We study the equations of motion of the massive and massless particles in the Schwarzschild geometry of general relativity by using the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method, which proved to be extremely successful in obtaining series…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-17 Man Kwong Mak , Chun Sing Leung , Tiberiu Harko