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We compare the ``unified approach'' for the estimation of upper limits with an approach based on the Bayes theory, in the special case that no events are observed. The ``unified approach'' predicts, in this case, an upper limit that…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Astone , G. Pizzella

We define some appropriate statistical quantities that indicate the physical significance (reliability) of confidence intervals in the framework of both Frequentist and Bayesian statistical theories. We consider the expectation value of the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2009-10-31 C. Giunti , M. Laveder

Constructing valid inferential methods for constrained parameters in normal and Poisson distributions represents two fundamental and important problems in applied statistics, for which there is currently no unified framework for statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Hezhi Lu , Qijun Wu

Roe and Woodroofe (RW) have suggested that certain conditional probabilities be incorporated into the ``unified approach'' for constructing confidence intervals, previously described by Feldman and Cousins (FC). RW illustrated this…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert D. Cousins

Confidence limits are common place in physics analysis. Great care must be taken in their calculation and use, especially in cases of limited statistics when often one-sided limits are quoted. In order to estimate the stability of the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Rajendran Raja

Numerical simulations are widely used to predict the behavior of physical systems, with Bayesian approaches being particularly well suited for this purpose. However, experimental observations are necessary to calibrate certain simulator…

Bayesian inference provides a flexible way of combining data with prior information. However, quantile regression is not equipped with a parametric likelihood, and therefore, Bayesian inference for quantile regression demands careful…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Yunwen Yang , Xuming He

When the number of events associated with a signal process is estimated in particle physics, it is common practice to extrapolate background distributions from control regions to a predefined signal window. This allows accurate estimation…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-01-27 Federico Colecchia

We consider the problem of comparing two Poisson parameters from the Bayesian perspective. Kawasaki and Miyaoka (2012b) proposed the Bayesian index $P(\lambda_1 < \lambda_2 | X_1,X_2)$ and expressed it using the hypergeometric series. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-07 Masaaki Doi

Assessment of replicability is critical to ensure the quality and rigor of scientific research. In this paper, we discuss inference and modeling principles for replicability assessment. Targeting distinct application scenarios, we propose…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-11 Yi Zhao , Xiaoquan Wen

I present a critical review of techniques for estimating confidence intervals on binomial population proportions inferred from success counts in small-to-intermediate samples. Population proportions arise frequently as quantities of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ewan Cameron

The American Statistical Association (ASA) statement on statistical significance and P-values \cite{wasserstein2016asa} cautioned statisticians against making scientific decisions solely on the basis of traditional P-values. The statement…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-22 Abhisek Chakraborty , Megan H. Murray , Ilya Lipkovich , Yu Du

We introduce a novel approach called the Bayesian Jackknife empirical likelihood method for analyzing survey data obtained from various unequal probability sampling designs. This method is particularly applicable to parameters described by…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-14 Mengdong Shang , Xia Chen

This paper presents a brief, semi-technical comparison of the essential features of the frequentist and Bayesian approaches to statistical inference, with several illustrative examples implemented in Python. The differences between…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Jake VanderPlas

Formal disclosure avoidance techniques are necessary to ensure that published data can not be used to identify information about individuals. The addition of statistical noise to unpublished data can be implemented to achieve differential…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Ryan Janicki , Scott H. Holan , Kyle M. Irimata , James Livsey , Andrew Raim

Bivariate count data arise in several different disciplines (epidemiology, marketing, sports statistics, etc., to name but a few) and the bivariate Poisson distribution which is a generalization of the Poisson distribution plays an…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-12 Barry C. Arnold , Indranil Ghosh

When interpreting A/B tests, we typically focus only on the statistically significant results and take them by face value. This practice, termed post-selection inference in the statistical literature, may negatively affect both point…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-01 Alex Deng , Yicheng Li , Jiannan Lu , Vivek Ramamurthy

Background channels with their expected strength and uncertainty levels are usually known in searches of novel phenomena prior to the experiments are conducted at their design stage. We quantitatively study the projected sensitivities in…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-02-07 M. K. Singh , H. B. Li , H. T. Wong , V. Sharma , L. Singh

Observational astrophysics consists of making inferences about the Universe by comparing data and models. The credible intervals placed on model parameters are often as important as the maximum a posteriori probability values, as the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Will J. Percival , Oliver Friedrich , Elena Sellentin , Alan Heavens

The Poisson compound decision problem is a long-standing problem in statistics, where empirical Bayes methodologies are commonly used to estimate Poisson's means in static or batch domains. In this paper, we study the Poisson compound…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Stefano Favaro , Sandra Fortini