Related papers: Energy loss in a fluctuating hydrodynamical backgr…
New measurements of two- and four-particle elliptic flow are used to investigate flow fluctuations in collisions of U+U at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193~GeV, Cu+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200~GeV and Au+Au at several beam energies. These measurements…
Differential studies of elliptic flow are one of the most powerful tools in studying the initial conditions and dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions. The comparison of data from Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions taken with the PHOBOS…
As one of the possible signals for the whereabouts of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram, recently, the multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions have aroused much attention. It is a crucial observable of the Beam Energy…
We analyze the spectrum of harmonic flow, $v_n(p_T)$ for $n=0\text{--}5$, in event-by-event hydrodynamic simulations of Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\,{\text{TeV}}$) with principal component…
Multiplicity fluctuations are one of the most crucial observables in the Beam Energy Scan program of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. It is understood that they can be utilized to probe the whereabouts of the critical point on the phase…
Fluctuations in the initial QCD matter density distribution are found to enhance the production of thermal photons significantly in the range 2 \leq pT \leq 4 GeV/c compared to a smooth initial state averaged profile in ideal hydrodynamic…
The correlation between the mean transverse momentum, $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, and the squared anisotropic flow, $v^{2}_{n}$, on an event-by-event basis has been suggested to be influenced by the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We…
We present a systematic study of the elliptic flow $v_2$ relative to the participant plane (PP) and reaction plane (RP) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$-200 GeV using the AMPT model with the string melting version. The ratio…
In this review, we systematically examine the principles and the practices of fluctuations such as the momentum and the charge fluctuations as applied to the heavy ion collisions. Main emphases are: (i) Fluctuations as signals of phase…
High $p_T > 10$ GeV elliptic flow, which is experimentally measured via the correlation between soft and hard hadrons, receives competing contributions from event-by-event fluctuations of the low $p_T$ elliptic flow and event plane angle…
Flow fluctuations in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision can be probed by studying the momentum dependent correlations or the factorization-breaking coefficients between flow harmonics in separate kinematic bins (transverse momentum or…
RHIC data on high-$p_T$ hadron production display strong suppression in a wide rapidity region, indicating strong induced energy loss for both transversally and longitudinally traveling partons. We investigate the interplay of energy loss…
One of the most striking results is the large elliptic flow ($v_2$) at RHIC. Detailed mass and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are well described by ideal hydrodynamic calculations for $p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 1 GeV/c, and by…
It is shown that intermittency, a self-similar correlation with respect to the size of the phase space volume, is sensitive to critical density fluctuations of baryon numbers in a system belonging to the three-dimensional (3D) Ising…
We show effects of the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions (IC) in hydrodynamic description of high-energy nuclear collisions on some observables. Such IC produce not only fluctuations in observables but, due to their bumpy…
Anisotropic flow coefficients and their fluctuations are investigated for Au+Au collisions at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV by using a multi-phase transport model with string melting scenario. Experimental results of…
The elliptic flow (v2) pattern in terms of hadron mass and transverse momentum pT is qualitatively described for pT < 2 GeV/c by ideal hydrodynamics in Au + Au collisions at RHIC. In addition, for pT = 2 - 6 GeV/c the measured v2 follow a…
We study the dynamical fluctuations of various particle yield ratios at different incident energies. Assuming that the particle production yields in the hydronic final state are due to equilibrium chemical processes ($\gamma=1$), the…
In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations are sensitive to overlap area and energy density fluctuations in initial state. We present a framework to calculate $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ fluctuations…
We investigate the effects of event-by-event hydrodynamic fluctuations on bottomonium nuclear modification factors and elliptic flow in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. The internal evolution of the heavy quarkonium is…