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Related papers: Quantum bit commitment under Gaussian constraints

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In this paper, we focus on a special framework for quantum coin flipping protocols,_bit-commitment based protocols_, within which almost all known protocols fit. We show a lower bound of 1/16 for the bias in any such protocol. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-22 Ashwin Nayak , Peter Shor

Authentication provides the trust people need to engage in transactions. The advent of physical keys that are impossible to copy promises to revolutionize this field. Up to now, such keys have been verified by classical challenge-response…

Bit commitment (BC) is an important cryptographic primitive for an agent to convince a mutually mistrustful party that she has already made a binding choice of 0 or 1 but only to reveal her choice at a later time. Ideally, a BC protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 H. F. Chau , C. -H. Fred Fung , H. -K. Lo

Although it is impossible for a bit commitment protocol to be both arbitrarily concealing and arbitrarily binding, it is possible for it to be both partially concealing and partially binding. This means that Bob cannot, prior to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. W. Spekkens , T. Rudolph

Bit commitment is a fundamental cryptographic primitive in which a party wishes to commit a secret bit to another party. Perfect security between mistrustful parties is unfortunately impossible to achieve through the asynchronous exchange…

Quantum gambling --- a secure remote two-party protocol which has no classical counterpart --- is demonstrated through optical approach. A photon is prepared by Alice in a superposition state of two potential paths. Then one path leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yong-Sheng Zhang , Chuan-Feng Li , Wan-Li Li , Yun-Feng Huang , Guang-Can Guo

The proof of the No-Go Theorem of unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment depends on the assumption that Alice knows every detail of the protocol, including the probability distributions associated with all the random variables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-05 Chi-Yee Cheung

Coin flipping is a cryptographic primitive in which two distrustful parties wish to generate a random bit in order to choose between two alternatives. This task is impossible to realize when it relies solely on the asynchronous exchange of…

Quantum cryptography uses techniques and ideas from physics and computer science. The combination of these ideas makes the security proofs of quantum cryptography a complicated task. To prove that a quantum-cryptography protocol is secure,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Normand J. Beaudry

Quantum cryptography exploits principles of quantum physics for the secure processing of information. A prominent example is secure communication, i.e., the task of transmitting confidential messages from one location to another. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Christopher Portmann , Renato Renner

Commitment schemes are essential to many cryptographic protocols and schemes with applications that include privacy-preserving computation on data, privacy-preserving authentication, and, in particular, oblivious transfer protocols. For…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Thomas Lorünser , Sebastian Ramacher , Federico Valbusa

Digital signatures are a powerful cryptographic tool widely employed across various industries for securely authenticating the identity of a signer during communication between signers and verifiers. While quantum digital signatures have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Wusheng Wang , Masahito Hayashi

Quantum coin flipping (QCF) is an essential primitive for quantum cryptography. Unconditionally secure strong QCF with an arbitrarily small bias was widely believed to be impossible. But basing on a problem which cannot be solved without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Guang Ping He

Quantum digital signatures ensure unforgeable message authenticity and integrity using quantum principles, offering unconditional security against both classical and quantum attacks. They are crucial for secure communication in high-stakes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Debnath Ghosh , Soumit Roy , Prithwi Bagchi , Indranil Chakrabarty , Ashok Kumar Das

Quantum protocols for coin-flipping can be composed in series in such a way that a cheating party gains no extra advantage from using entanglement between different rounds. This composition principle applies to coin-flipping protocols with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Mochon

Quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) is an essential cryptographic primitive. But unconditionally secure QOT is known to be impossible. Here we propose a practical QOT protocol, which is perfectly secure against dishonest sender without relying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Guang Ping He

We study the cryptographic primitive Oblivious Transfer; a composable construction of this resource would allow arbitrary multi-party computation to be carried out in a secure way, i.e. to compute functions in a distributed way while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Lorenzo Laneve , Lidia del Rio

Secure function evaluation is a two-party cryptographic primitive where Bob computes a function of Alice's and his respective inputs, and both hope to keep their inputs private from the other party. It has been proven that perfect (or near…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Sarah Osborn , Jamie Sikora

The aim of this thesis project is to investigate the bit commitment protocol in the framework of operational probabilistic theories. In particular a careful study is carried on the feasibility of bit commitment in the non-local boxes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Lorenzo Giannelli

We investigate the existence of secure bit commitment protocols in the convex framework for probabilistic theories. The framework makes only minimal assumptions, and can be used to formalize quantum theory, classical probability theory, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-06 Howard Barnum , Oscar C. O. Dahlsten , Matthew Leifer , Ben Toner