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We survey some philosophical aspects of the search for a quantum theory of gravity, emphasising how quantum gravity throws into doubt the treatment of spacetime common to the two `ingredient theories' (quantum theory and general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Butterfield , C. J. Isham

We portray the structure of quantum gravity emerging from recent progress in understanding the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole. Quantum gravity admits two different descriptions, based on Euclidean gravitational path integral…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-31 Yasunori Nomura

Various contenders for a complete theory of quantum gravity are at odds with each other. This is in particular seen in the ways they relate to information and black holes, and how to effectively treat quantization of the background…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 Gerard 't Hooft , Steven B. Giddings , Carlo Rovelli , Piero Nicolini , Jonas Mureika , Matthias Kaminski , Marcus Bleicher

In the absence of a fully-fledged theory of quantum gravity, we propose a "bottom-up" framework for exploring quantum-gravitational physics by pairing two of the most fundamental concepts of quantum theory and general relativity, namely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-20 Joshua Foo , Robert B. Mann , Magdalena Zych

In the s-wave approximation the 4D Einstein gravity with scalar fields can be reduced to an effective 2D dilaton gravity coupled nonminimally to the matter fields. We study the leading order (tree level) vertices. The 4-particle matrix…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Fischer , D. Grumiller , W. Kummer , D. V. Vassilevich

Over the last three years, a number of fundamental physical issues were addressed in loop quantum gravity. These include: A statistical mechanical derivation of the horizon entropy, encompassing astrophysically interesting black holes as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Abhay Ashtekar

Starting from a new understanding of the vacuum energy problem based on the combination of the phase space regularization and the holographic bound, we argue that quantum gravity should be understood as gravitized quantum theory, that is,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-10 Tristan Hübsch , Djordje Minic

I review the present theoretical attempts to understand the quantum properties of spacetime. In particular, I illustrate the main achievements and the main difficulties in: string theory, loop quantum gravity, discrete quantum gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlo Rovelli

Gravitation as a fundamental interaction that governs all phenomena at large and very small scales, but still not well understood at a quantum level, is a missing cardinal link to unification of all physical interactions. Problems of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vitaly N. Melnikov

In approaches to quantum gravity, where smooth spacetime is an emergent approximation of a discrete Planckian fundamental structure, any effective smooth field theoretical description would miss part of the fundamental degrees of freedom…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-23 Lautaro Amadei , Hongguang Liu , Alejandro Perez

A number of recent proposals for a quantum theory of gravity are based on the idea that spacetime geometry and gravity are derivative concepts and only apply at an approximate level. There are two fundamental challenges to any such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-23 Alioscia Hamma , Fotini Markopoulou

We discuss the relevance of quantum gravity to the frontier questions in high energy phenomenology: the problems of dark matter, dark energy, and vacuum selection as well as the problems of emergent spacetime and wormholes. Dark matter and…

The basic features of a quantum field theory which is Poincar\'e invariant, gauge invariant, finite and unitary to all orders of perturbation theory are reviewed. Quantum gravity is finite and unitary to all orders of perturbation theory.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. W. Moffat

These lectures give an elementary introduction to the subject of four dimensional black holes (BHs) in supergravity and the Attractor Mechanism in the extremal case. Some thermodynamical properties are discussed and some relevant formulae…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-03-04 S. Ferrara , K. Hayakawa , A. Marrani

A "quantum-first" approach to gravity is described, where rather than quantizing general relativity, one seeks to formulate the physics of gravity within a quantum-mechanical framework with suitably general postulates. Important guides are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-23 Steven B. Giddings

Consistency between quantum mechanical and general relativistic views of the world is a longstanding problem, which becomes particularly prominent in black hole physics. We develop a coherent picture addressing this issue by studying the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-06 Yasunori Nomura , Fabio Sanches , Sean J. Weinberg

Quantum gravity is the missing piece in our understanding of the fundamental interactions today. Given recent observational breakthroughs in gravity, providing a quantum theory for what lies beyond general relativity is more urgent than…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-15 R. Loll , G. Fabiano , D. Frattulillo , F. Wagner

An outstanding open issue in our quest for physics beyond Einstein is the unification of general relativity (GR) and quantum physics. Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a leading approach toward this goal. At its heart is the central lesson of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-12 Abhay Ashtekar , Eugenio Bianchi

The main obstacle in attempts to construct a consistent quantum gravity is the absence of independent flat time. This can in principle be cured by going out to higher dimensions. The modern paradigm assumes that the fundamental theory of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. V. Smilga

The construction of a consistent theory of quantum gravity is a problem in theoretical physics that has so far defied all attempts at resolution. One ansatz to try to obtain a non-trivial quantum theory proceeds via a discretization of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 R. Loll