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It is shown that perturbations around backgrounds with one non-homogeneous dimension, namely of co-homogeneity 1, can be canonically simplified, a property that is shown to hold to any order in perturbation theory. Recalling that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-09-21 Barak Kol

In the last years, we saw more and more attempts to explain dark matter as a general relativistic effect, at least for some fraction. Following this philosophy, we considered the gravitational distortions due to the inhomogeneous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-02 Federico Re

It is well known that couplings occur among the scalar-, vector-, and tensor-type perturbations of Friedmann world model in the second perturbational order. Here, we prove that, except for the gravitational wave contribution, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 H. Noh , J. Hwang

We discuss several issues related to a recent proposal for defining classical spatial averages to be used in the so-called cosmological backreaction problem. In the large averaging-volume limit all gauge dependence disappears and different…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-14 Giovanni Marozzi

We examine the importance of second order corrections to linearized cosmological perturbation theory in an inflationary background, taken to be a spatially flat FRW spacetime. The full second order problem is solved in the sense that we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 B. Losic , W. G. Unruh

We investigate the effect of backreaction due to inhomogeneities on the evolution of the present universe within the Buchert framework. Our analysis shows how backreaction from inhomogeneities in the presence of the cosmic event horizon…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-13 Nilok Bose , A. S. Majumdar

The Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, so on those scales it is usually modelled as a Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-time. The non-linearity of the Einstein field equations raises concern over…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-03 Yonadav Barry Ginat

In cosmic inflation, non-linearities of the curvature perturbation can induce backreaction to the background. To obtain observational predictions at non-linear order on the correct background, one has to redefine the background or introduce…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-28 Jason Kristiano , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

We consider a general relativistic zero-pressure irrotational cosmological medium perturbed to the third order. We assume a flat Friedmann background but include the cosmological constant. We ignore the rotational perturbation which decays…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Hwang , H. Noh

Consistency relations involving the soft limit of the (n + 1)-correlator functions of dark matter and galaxy overdensities can be obtained, both in real and redshift space, thanks to the symmetries enjoyed by the Newtonian equations of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Alexandros Kehagias , Jorge Noreña , Hideki Perrier , Antonio Riotto

In the era of precision cosmology, even percentage level effects are significant on cosmological observables. The recent tension between the local and global values of $H_0$ is much more significant than this, and any possible solution…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-29 Alan A. Coley , Beethoven Santos , Viraj A A Sanghai

We investigated the back reaction of cosmological perturbations on the evolution of the universe using the second order perturbation of the Einstein's equation. To incorporate the back reaction effect due to the inhomogeneity into the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Yasusada Nambu

We consider the effects of large structures in the Universe on the Hubble diagram. This problem is treated non-linearly by considering a Swiss Cheese model of the Universe in which under-dense voids are represented as negatively curved…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Timothy Clifton , Joe Zuntz

For interacting classical field theories such as general relativity exact solutions typically can only be found by imposing physically motivated (Killing) {\it symmetry} assumptions. Such highly symmetric solutions are then often used as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-30 Thomas Thiemann

I will review some results of observational cosmology which critically cast doubt upon the foundations of the standard cosmology: 1) The redshifts of the galaxies are due to the expansion of the Universe; 2) The cosmic microwave background…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Martin Lopez-Corredoira

This paper discusses the phenomenon of backreaction within the Szekeres model. Cosmological backreaction describes how the mean global evolution of the Universe deviates from the Friedmannian evolution. The analysis is based on models of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-15 Krzysztof Bolejko

An important part of cosmological model fitting relies on correlating distance indicators of objects (for example type Ia supernovae) with their redshift, often illustrated on a Hubble diagram. Comparing the observed correlation with a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-22 Julian Adamek , Chris Clarkson , Louis Coates , Ruth Durrer , Martin Kunz

General relativity (GR) extensions based on renormalization group (RG) flows may lead to scale-dependent couplings with nontrivial effects at large distance scales. Here we develop further the approach in which RG effects at large distance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-01 Nicolas R. Bertini , Wiliam S. Hipolito-Ricaldi , Felipe de Melo-Santos , Davi C. Rodrigues

Within the recently proposed structured FRW model universe the averaged Einstein equations are derived. The backreaction turns out to have an interesting behavior. Its equivalent density and pressure, being proportional, are negative at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Reza Mansouri

We provide a simple discussion of our results on the backreaction effects of density inhomogeneities in cosmology, without mentioning one-parameter families or weak limits. Emphasis is placed on the manner in which "averaging" is done and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-01 Stephen R. Green , Robert M. Wald