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A central result in the foundations of quantum mechanics is the Kochen-Specker theorem. In short, it states that quantum mechanics cannot be reconciled with classical models that are noncontextual for ideal measurements. The first explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-11 Zhen-Peng Xu , Jing-Ling Chen , Otfried Gühne

The set of 60 real rays in four dimensions derived from the vertices of a 600-cell is shown to possess numerous subsets of rays and bases that provide basis-critical parity proofs of the Bell-Kochen-Specker (BKS) theorem (a basis-critical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Mordecai Waegell , P. K. Aravind , Norman D. Megill , Mladen Pavicic

Previous work on pun generation commonly begins with a given pun word (a pair of homophones for heterographic pun generation and a polyseme for homographic pun generation) and seeks to generate an appropriate pun. While this may enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Jiao Sun , Anjali Narayan-Chen , Shereen Oraby , Shuyang Gao , Tagyoung Chung , Jing Huang , Yang Liu , Nanyun Peng

It is pointed out that the 60 complex rays in four dimensions associated with a system of two qubits yield over 10^9 critical parity proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem. The geometrical properties of the rays are described, an overview of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Mordecai Waegell , P. K. Aravind

It is shown how the 300 rays associated with the antipodal pairs of vertices of a 120-cell (a four-dimensional regular polytope) can be used to give numerous "parity proofs" of the Kochen-Specker theorem ruling out the existence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Mordecai Waegell , P. K. Aravind

Algorithms for finding arbitrary sets of Kochen-Specker (KS) qunits (n-level systems) as well as all the remaining vectors in a space of an arbitrary dimension are presented. The algorithms are based on linear MMP diagrams which generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mladen Pavicic

Quantum contextual sets have been recognized as resources for universal quantum computation, quantum steering and quantum communication. Therefore, we focus on engineering the sets that support those resources and on determining their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Mladen Pavicic

Quantum contextuality takes an important place amongst the concepts of quantum computing that bring an advantage over its classical counterpart. For a large class of contextuality proofs, aka. observable-based proofs of the Kochen-Specker…

The conflict between classical and quantum physics can be identified through a series of yes-no tests on quantum systems, without it being necessary that these systems be in special quantum states. Kochen-Specker (KS) sets of yes-no tests…

Generative modeling using samples drawn from the probability distribution constitutes a powerful approach for unsupervised machine learning. Quantum mechanical systems can produce probability distributions that exhibit quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Xun Gao , Eric R. Anschuetz , Sheng-Tao Wang , J. Ignacio Cirac , Mikhail D. Lukin

The output randomness from a random number generator can be certified by observing the violation of quantum contextuality inequalities based on the Kochen-Specker theorem. Contextuality can be tested in a single quantum system, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Mark Um , Qi Zhao , Junhua Zhang , Pengfei Wang , Ye Wang , Mu Qiao , Hongyi Zhou , Xiongfeng Ma , Kihwan Kim

A Kochen-Specker (KS) set is a specific set of projectors and measurement contexts that prove the Bell-Kochen-Specker contextuality theorem. The simplest known KS sets in Hilbert space dimensions $d=3,4,5,6,8$ are reproduced, and several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-10 Mordecai Waegell , P. K. Aravind

This article delves into the concept of quantum contextuality, specifically focusing on proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem obtained by assigning Pauli observables to hypergraph vertices satisfying a given commutation relation. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Axel Muller , Alain Giorgetti

The Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem is a corner-stone result in the foundations of quantum mechanics describing the fundamental difference between quantum theory and classical non-contextual theories. Recently specific substructures termed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Yuan Liu , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Karol Horodecki , Monika Rosicka , Paweł Horodecki

We show that all possible 388 4-dim Kochen-Specker (KS) (vector) sets (of yes-no questions) with 18 through 23 vectors and 844 sets with 24 vectors all with component values from \{-1,0,1\} can be obtained by stripping vectors off a single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-20 Mladen Pavicic , Norman D. Megill , Jean-Pierre Merlet

Kochen-Specker (KS) sets are key tools for proving some fundamental results in quantum theory and also have potential applications in quantum information processing. However, so far, their intrinsic complexity has prevented experimentalists…

We address the problem of deriving the set of quantum correlations for every Bell and Kochen-Specker (KS) contextuality scenario from simple assumptions. We show that the correlations that are possible according to quantum theory are equal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-26 Adán Cabello

Fully revealing the mathmatical structure of quantum contextuality is a significant task, while some known contextuality theories are only applicable for rank-1 projectors. That is because they adopt the observable-based definitions. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Songyi Liu , Yongjun Wang , Baoshan Wang , Yunyi Jia

A set of quantum measurements exhibits quantum contextuality when any consistent value assignment to the measurement outcomes leads to a contradiction with quantum theory. In the original Kochen-Specker-type of argument the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-25 Pascal Höhn , Zhen-Peng Xu , Matthias Kleinmann

By probabilistic means, the concept of contextuality is extended so that it can be used in non-ideal situations. An inequality is presented, which at least in principle enables a test to discard non-contextual hidden-variable models at low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-16 Jan-Åke Larsson