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Discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) schemes constitute the two major families of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Unfortunately, since the setup elements required by these schemes are quite different, making a fair…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Mikolaj Lasota , Olena Kovalenko , Vladyslav C. Usenko

The original two-way continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution (CV QKD) protocols [S. Pirandola, S. Mancini, S. Lloyd, and S. L. Braunstein, Nature Physics 4, 726 (2008)] give the security against the collective attack on the condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-16 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Yujie Shen , Hong Guo

Diffie-Hellman key exchange is at the foundations of public-key cryptography, but conventional group-based Diffie-Hellman is vulnerable to Shor's quantum algorithm. A range of "post-quantum Diffie-Hellman" protocols have been proposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Benjamin Smith

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is based on the laws of quantum mechanics to enable provably secure communication. Despite its theoretical security promise, practical QKD systems are vulnerable to serious attacks, including side-channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Syed M. Arslan , Saif Al-Kuwari , M. T. Rahim , Hashir Kuniyal

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) provides the strongest form of secure key exchange, using only the input-output statistics of the devices to achieve information-theoretic security. Although the basic security principles…

If an eavesdropper Eve is equipped with quantum computers, she can easily break the public key exchange protocols used today. In this paper we will discuss the post-quantum Diffie-Hellman key exchange and private key exchange protocols.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiangdong Li , Lin Leung , Andis Chi-Tung Kwan , Xiaowen Zhang , Dammika Kahanda , Michael Anshel

A semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol allows two users, one of whom is restricted in their quantum capabilities, to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all-powerful adversary. In this paper, we design a new SQKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-29 Hasan Iqbal , Walter O. Krawec

In this work, we present a novel authenticated Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol employing maximally entangled qubit pairs. In the absence of noise, we securely authenticate the well-known BB84 QKD scheme under two assumptions: first,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Pol Julià Farré , Vladlen Galetsky , Soham Ghosh , Janis Nötzel , Christian Deppe

Diffie-Hellman groups are commonly used in cryptographic protocols. While most state-of-the-art, symbolic protocol verifiers support them to some degree, they do not support all mathematical operations possible in these groups. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Sofia Giampietro , Ralf Sasse , David Basin

We offer a public key exchange protocol in the spirit of Diffie-Hellman, but we use (small) matrices over a group ring of a (small) symmetric group as the platform. This "nested structure" of the platform makes computation very efficient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Delaram Kahrobaei , Charalambos Koupparis , Vladimir Shpilrain

Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE) between any two entities is one of the most important security protocols available for securing our digital networks and infrastructures. In PQCrypto 2023, Bruckner, Ramacher and Striecks proposed a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Christopher Battarbee , Christoph Striecks , Ludovic Perret , Sebastian Ramacher , Kevin Verhaeghe

We provide an analysis of a new family of device independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with several novel features: (a) The bits used for the secret key do not come from the results of the measurements on an entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-09 Ramij Rahaman , Matthew G. Parker , Piotr Mironowicz , Marcin Pawłowski

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) is proposed to be secure against any possible detection attacks. The security of the original proposal relies on the assumption that the legitimate users can fully…

The advent of quantum key distribution (QKD) has revolutionized secure communication by providing unconditional security, unlike classical cryptographic methods. However, its effectiveness relies on robust identity authentication, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Arindam Dutta

Ensuring secure and efficient data processing in mobile edge computing (MEC) systems is a critical challenge. While quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditionally secure key exchange and homomorphic encryption (HE) enables…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Liangxin Qian , Yang Li , Jun Zhao

Of the many families of cryptographic schemes proposed to be post-quantum, a relatively unexplored set of examples comes from group-based cryptography. One of the more central schemes from this area is the so-called Semidirect Product Key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Christopher Battarbee , Delaram Kahrobaei , Siamak F. Shahandashti

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is seeing increasing real-world deployment to protect data in use by allowing computation over encrypted data. However, the same malleability that enables homomorphic computations also raises integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Alexander Viand , Christian Knabenhans , Anwar Hithnawi

Advancements in quantum computing pose a significant threat to most of the cryptography currently deployed. Fortunately, cryptographic building blocks to mitigate the threat are already available; mostly based on post-quantum and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Jaime S. Buruaga , Augustine Bugler , Juan P. Brito , Vicente Martin , Christoph Striecks

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantages on quantum devices in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. They have been developed for numerous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-26 Qin Li , Junyu Quan , Jinjing Shi , Shichao Zhang , Xuelong Li

Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption (MKHE), proposed by Lopez-Alt et al. (STOC 2012), allows for performing arithmetic computations directly on ciphertexts encrypted under distinct keys. Subsequent works by Chen and Dai et al. (CCS 2019) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiahui Wu , Tiecheng Sun , Fucai Luo , Haiyan Wang , Weizhe Zhang