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A new source in solar corona scattering photospheric and chromospheric Fraunhofer spectral lines is detected below a height of one solar radius above solar limb, consisting of tenuous and cool neutral atoms and much fewer once ionized ions.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-24 Z. Q. Qu , R. Y. Zhou , H. Su , Y. Liang

Coronal loops are the building blocks of the X-ray bright solar corona. They owe their brightness to the dense confined plasma, and this review focuses on loops mostly as structures confining plasma. After a brief historical overview, the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Fabio Reale

In the present work we study evolution of magnetic helicity in the solar corona. We compare the rate of change of a quantity related to the magnetic helicity in the corona to the flux of magnetic helicity through the photosphere and find…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-29 A. Malanushenko , M. H. Yusuf , D. W. Longcope

A significant impediment to solving the coronal heating problem is that we currently only observe active region (AR) loops in their cooling phase. Previous studies showed that the evolution of cooling loop densities and apex temperatures…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-10 David H. Brooks , Jeffrey W. Reep , Ignacio Ugarte-Urra , John E. Unverferth , Harry P. Warren

Flare-driven coronal rain can manifest from rapidly cooled plasma condensations near coronal loop-tops in thermally unstable post-flare arcades. We detect 5 phases that characterise the post-flare decay: heating, evaporation, conductive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 E. Scullion , L. Rouppe Van Der Voort , P. Antolin , S. Wedemeyer , G. Vissers , E. P. Kontar , P. Gallagher

Magnetoseismology, a technique of magnetic field diagnostics based on observations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves, has been widely used to estimate the field strengths of oscillating structures in the solar corona. However, previously…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-05 Zihao Yang , Hui Tian , Steven Tomczyk , Richard Morton , Xianyong Bai , Tanmoy Samanta , Yajie Chen

We perform a number of numerical simulations of the solar corona with the aim to understand how it responds to different conditions in the photosphere. By changing parameters which govern the motion of the plasma at the photosphere we study…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Leandro F. Gomes de Jesus , Boris V. Gudiksen

X-ray and EUV observations are an important diagnostic of various plasma parameters of the solar atmosphere during solar flares. Soft X-ray and EUV observations often show coronal sources near the top of flaring loops, while hard X-ray…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Marina Battaglia , Eduard P. Kontar

We present here one of the first high resolution spectroscopic observations of coronal rain, performed with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish Solar Telescope. This work constitutes the first attempt to assess the importance of coronal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Patrick Antolin , Luc Rouppe van der Voort

One scenario proposed to explain the million degrees solar corona is a finely-stranded corona where each strand is heated by a rapid pulse. However, such fine structure has neither been resolved through direct imaging observations nor…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Fabio Reale , Massimiliano Guarrasi , Paola Testa , Edward E. DeLuca , Giovanni Peres , Leon Golub

A coronal hole formed as a result of a quiet-Sun filament eruption close to the solar disk center on 2014 June 25. We studied this formation using images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), magnetograms from the Helioseismic and…

Polarimetric radio observations of the Sun can provide rich information about emission mechanisms and the propagation medium. For the past five decades, solar polarimetric studies at low radio frequencies have almost always assumed the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-05 Soham Dey , Devojyoti Kansabanik , Divya Oberoi , Surajit Mondal

Recent analysis of high-cadence white-light images taken by the Solar-Terrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) near solar maximum has revealed that outflowing density structures are released in an ubiquitous manner in the solar wind. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-22 Léa Griton , Rui F. Pinto , Nicolas Poirier , Athanasios Kouloumvakos , Michaël Lavarra , Alexis P. Rouillard

The inner regions of the solar corona from 1-2.5 Rsun are poorly sampled both from the ground and space telescopes. A solar eclipse reduces the sky scattered background intensity by a factor of about 10,000 and opens a window to view this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 M J Penn , R Baer , R Bosh , D Garrison , R Gelderman , H Hare , F Isberner , L Jensen , S Kovac , M McKay , A Mitchell , M Pierce , A Ursache , J Varsik , D Walter , Z Watson , D Young , the Citizen CATE Team

The corona is a layer of hot plasma that surrounds the Sun, traces out its complex magnetic field, and ultimately expands into interplanetary space as the supersonic solar wind. Although much has been learned in recent decades from advances…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Steven R. Cranmer , Amy R. Winebarger

Measuring the global magnetic field of the solar corona remains exceptionally challenging. The fine-scale density structures observed in white light images taken during Total Solar Eclipses (TSEs) are currently the best proxy for inferring…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Benjamin Boe , Shadia Habbal , Miloslav Druckmuller

We observed the coronally active eclipsing binary, AR Lac, with the High Energy Transmission Grating on Chandra for a total of 97 ks, spaced over five orbits, at quadratures and conjunctions. Contemporaneous and simultaneous EUV spectra and…

Solar flares produce hard X-ray emission of which the photon spectrum is often represented by a combination of thermal and power-law distributions. However, the estimates of the number and total energy of non-thermal electrons are sensitive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 M. Oka , S. Ishikawa , P. Saint-Hilaire , S. Krucker , R. P. Lin

We report on the second observation of the radio-quiet active galactic nucleus (AGN) MCG-05-23-16 performed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The observation started on 2022 November 6 for a net observing time of 640 ks,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-18 D. Tagliacozzo , A. Marinucci , F. Ursini , G. Matt , S. Bianchi , L. Baldini , T. Barnouin , N. Cavero Rodriguez , A. De Rosa , L. Di Gesu , M. Dovciak , D. Harper , A. Ingram , V. Karas , D. E. Kim , H. Krawczynski , G. Madejski , F. Marin , R. Middei , H. L. Marshall , F. Muleri , C. Panagiotou , P. O. Petrucci , J. Podgorny , J. Poutanen , S. Puccetti , P. Soffitta , F. Tombesi , A. Veledina , W. Zhang , I. Agudo , L. A. Antonelli , M. Bachetti , W. H. Baumgartner , R. Bellazzini , S. D. Bongiorno , R. Bonino , A. Brez , N. Bucciantini , F. Capitanio , S. Castellano , E. Cavazzuti , C. T. Chen , S. Ciprini , E. Costa , E. Del Monte , N. Di Lalla , A. Di Marco , I. Donnarumma , V. Doroshenko , S. R. Ehlert , T. Enoto , Y. Evangelista , S. Fabiani , R. Ferrazzoli , J. A. Garcia , S. Gunji , J. Heyl , W. Iwakiri , S. G. Jorstad , P. Kaaret , F. Kislat , T. Kitaguchi , J. J. Kolodziejczak , F. La Monaca , L. Latronico , I. Liodakis , S. Maldera , A. Manfreda , A. P. Marscher , F. Massaro , I. Mitsuishi , T. Mizuno , M. Negro , C. Y. Ng , S. L. O'Dell , N. Omodei , C. Oppedisano , A. Papitto , G. G. Pavlov , A. L. Peirson , M. Perri , M. Pesce Rollins , M. Pilia , A. Possenti , B. D. Ramsey , J. Rankin , A. Ratheesh , O. J. Roberts , R. W. Romani , C. Sgrò , P. Slane , G. Spandre , D. A. Swartz , T. Tamagawa , F. Tavecchio , R. Taverna , Y. Tawara , A. F. Tennant , N. E. Thomas , A. Trois , S. S. Tsygankov , R. Turolla , J. Vink , M. C. Weisskopf , K. Wu , F. Xie , S. Zane