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Extortion strategies can dominate any opponent in an iterated prisoner's dilemma game. But if players are able to adopt the strategies performing better, extortion becomes widespread and evolutionary unstable. It may sometimes act as a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-02-17 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Punishment and partner switching are two well-studied mechanisms that support the evolution of cooperation. Observation of human behaviour suggests that the extent to which punishment is adopted depends on the usage of alternative…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-26 Hirofumi Takesue

Network science has presented community detection as a valuable tool for revealing functional modules in complex systems rooted in the wiring architectures of complex networks. The varying procedures of community detection can produce,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-11 Karsten N. Economou , Cassie R. Norman , Wendy C. Gentleman

Pro-social punishment is a key driver of harmonious and stable society. However, this institution is vulnerable to corruption since law-violators can avoid sanctioning by paying bribes to corrupt law-enforcers. Consequently, to understand…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-10-29 Linjie Liu , Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

In this paper, we numerically investigate the robustness of cooperation clusters in prisoner's dilemma played on scale-free networks, where the network topologies change by continuous removal and addition of nodes. Each removal and addition…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-11-14 Genki Ichinose , Yuto Tenguishi , Toshihiro Tanizawa

The sustainability of structured biological, social, economic and ecological communities are often determined by the outcome of social conflicts between cooperative and selfish individuals (cheaters). Cheaters avoid the cost of contributing…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-23 Matteo Cavaliere , Guoli Yang , Vincent Danos , Vasilis Dakos

In this work we study a weak Prisoner\^as Dilemma game in which both strategies and update rules are subjected to evolutionary pressure. Interactions among agents are specified by complex topologies, and we consider both homogeneous and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-11-13 A. Cardillo , J. Gomez-Gardenes , D. Vilone , A. Sanchez

Cooperation and competition coexist and coevolve in natural and social systems. Cooperation generates resources, which in turn, drive non-cooperative competition to secure individual shares. How this complex interplay between cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-03 Wenqiang Zhu , Xin Wang , Chaoqian Wang , Weijie Xing , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Jingwu Zhao , Shaoting Tang

A model of an evolving network of interacting molecular species is shown to exhibit repeated rounds of crashes in which several species get rapidly depopulated, followed by recoveries. The network inevitably self-organizes into an…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-11-07 Sanjay Jain , Sandeep Krishna

We consider the evolutionary dynamics of a cooperative game on an adaptive network, where the strategies of agents (cooperation or defection) feed back on their local interaction topology. While mutual cooperation is the social optimum,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-09-13 Gerd Zschaler , Arne Traulsen , Thilo Gross

Real world complex networks are scale free and possess meso-scale properties like core-periphery and community structure. We study evolution of the core over time in real world networks. This paper proposes evolving models for both…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Akrati Saxena , S. R. S. Iyengar

A two-dimensional small-world type network, subject to spatial prisoners' dilemma dynamics and containing an influential node defined as a special node with a finite density of directed random links to the other nodes in the network, is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Beom Jun Kim , Ala Trusina , Petter Holme , Petter Minnhagen , Jean S. Chung , M. Y. Choi

Understanding how cooperative behaviours can emerge from competitive interactions is an open problem in biology and social sciences. While interactions are usually modelled as pairwise networks, the units of many real-world systems can also…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-21 Andrea Civilini , Onkar Sadekar , Federico Battiston , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes , Vito Latora

Over the last two decades, network science has greatly advanced our understanding of how the collective behaviors of a complex system emerge from the interactions among its basic units. Multiplex networks, i.e. networks with many layers,…

We study a system in which N agents have to decide between two strategies \theta_i (i \in 1... N), for defection or cooperation, when interacting with other n agents (either spatial neighbors or randomly chosen ones). After each round, they…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-11-07 Frank Schweitzer , Pavlin Mavrodiev , Claudio J. Tessone

The prisoner's dilemma (PD) game is a simple model for understanding cooperative patterns in complex systems consisting of selfish individuals. Here, we study a PD game problem in scale-free networks containing hierarchically organized…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 C. -K. Yun , N. Masuda , B. Kahng

Cooperation often depends on individuals avoiding exploitation and interacting preferentially with other cooperators. We explore how context-dependent migration influences the evolution of cooperation in spatially structured populations.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-03 Dhaker Kroumi

Models of strategy evolution on static networks help us understand how population structure can promote the spread of traits like cooperation. One key mechanism is the formation of altruistic spatial clusters, where neighbors of a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-09-07 Qi Su , Alex McAvoy , Joshua B. Plotkin

Cooperation among unrelated individuals is frequently observed in social groups when their members combine efforts and resources to obtain a shared benefit that is unachievable by an individual alone. However, understanding why cooperation…

Wikipedia and open source software projects have been cited as canonical examples of collectively intelligent organizations. Both organizations rely on large crowds of contributors to create knowledge goods. The crowds that emerge in both…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-04-18 Benjamin Collier , Robert Kraut