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Related papers: Making predictions in the multiverse

200 papers

We discuss eternal inflation in context of classical probability spaces defined by a triplet: sample space, $\sigma$-algebra and probability measure. We show that the measure problem is caused by the countable additivity axiom applied to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-29 Vitaly Vanchurin

The aim of this paper is to show, that the 'oscillating universe' is a viable alternative to inflation. We remind that this model provides a natural solution to the flatness or entropy and to the horizon problem of standard cosmology. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Ruth Durrer , Joachim Laukenmann

It was pointed out previously~\cite{Kinney:2014jya} that a sufficiently negative running of the spectral index of curvature perturbations from (ordinary i.e. cold) inflation is able to prevent eternal inflation from ever occurring. Here, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-30 Gabriele Montefalcone , Rudnei O. Ramos , Gustavo S. Vicente , Katherine Freese

As a result of discussions with Bousso and Vilenkin I want to return to the question of whether the multiverse is past-eternal or if there was a beginning. Not surprisingly, given three people, there were three answers. However, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-05-04 Leonard Susskind

Cosmic inflation provides a window to the highest energy densities accessible in nature, far beyond those achievable in any realistic terrestrial experiment. Theoretical insights into the inflationary era and its observational probes may…

Calibration is a classical notion from the forecasting literature which aims to address the question: how should predicted probabilities be interpreted? In a world where we only get to observe (discrete) outcomes, how should we evaluate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Parikshit Gopalan , Lunjia Hu

In this paper we work out a multiverse scenario whose physical characteristics enable us to advance the following the conjecture that whereas the physics of particles and fields is confined to live in the realm of the whole multiverse…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Pedro F. Gonzalez-Diaz , Prado Martin-Moruno , Artyom V. Yurov

It is often thought that the existence of other worlds cannot be scientifically verified and therefore should be treated as philosophical speculation. In this article, I describe several methods for determining if other worlds exist, even…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-09-29 Austin Gerig

Making cosmological predictions in a multiverse is a fundamental theoretical challenge. Assuming that (quasi-)de Sitter vacua are quantum mechanically described by a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, we develop a detailed framework for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-01 Bjoern Hassfeld , Arthur Hebecker , Alexander Westphal

I review recent progress in defining probability distributions in the inflationary multiverse.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Vilenkin

We reconsider a well known problem of quantum theory, i.e. the so called measurement (or macro-objectification) problem, and we rederive the fact that it gives rise to serious problems of interpretation. The novelty of our approach derives…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Angelo Bassi , GianCarlo Ghirardi

Taking field theory seriously, inflation model-building is difficult but not impossible. The observed value of the spectral index of the adiabatic density perturbation is starting to discriminate between models, and may well pick out a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 David H Lyth

The 2015 Planck data release tightened the region of the allowed inflationary models. Inflationary models with convex potentials have now been ruled out since they produce a large tensor to scalar ratio. Meanwhile the same data offers…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Eleonora Di Valentino , Laura Mersini-Houghton

What can be measured by an observer in our universe? We address this question by constructing an algebra of gravitationally-dressed observables accessible to a comoving observer in FLRW spacetimes that are asymptotically de Sitter in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-01 Jonah Kudler-Flam , Samuel Leutheusser , Gautam Satishchandran

How did it all begin? Although this question has undoubtedly lingered for as long as humans have walked the Earth, the answer still eludes us. Yet since my grandparents were born, scientists have been able to refine this question to a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Max Tegmark

Eternal inflation, the idea that there is always a part of the universe that is expanding exponentially, is a frequent feature of inflationary models. It has been argued that eternal inflation requires the violation of energy conditions,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-21 Eleni-Alexandra Kontou , Ken D. Olum

After reviewing the general ideas of quantum cosmology (Wheeler-DeWitt equation, boundary conditions, interpretation of $\psi$), I discuss how these ideas can be tested observationally. Observational predictions differ for different choices…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Alexander Vilenkin

Quantum information theory and the multiverse are two of the greatest outcomes of the XX century physics. The consideration of entanglement between the quantum states of two or more universes in a multiverse scenario provides us with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-28 Salvador J. Robles-Pérez

We investigate the measure problem in the framework of inflationary cosmology. The measure of the history space is constructed and applied to inflation models. Using this measure, it is shown that the probability for the generalized single…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-10-27 Miao Li , Yi Wang

In the picture of eternal inflation, our observable universe resides inside a single bubble nucleated from an inflating false vacuum. Many of the theories giving rise to eternal inflation predict that we have causal access to collisions…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-08 Stephen M. Feeney , Matthew C. Johnson , Daniel J. Mortlock , Hiranya V. Peiris