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Urban morphology has presented significant intellectual challenges to mathematicians and physicists ever since the eighteenth century, when Euler first explored the famous Konigsberg bridges problem. Many important regularities and scaling…
We report on the exact treatment of a random-matrix representation of bond percolation model on a square lattice in two dimensions with occupation probability $p$. The percolation problem is mapped onto a random complex matrix composed of…
Inverse power-law interaction forms, such as the inverse-square law, recur across a wide range of physical, social, and spatial systems. While traditionally derived from specific microscopic mechanisms, the ubiquity of these laws suggests a…
Uncovering the mechanism leading to the scaling law in human trajectories is of fundamental importance in understanding many spatiotemporal phenomena. We propose a hierarchical geographical model to mimic the real traffic system, upon which…
Using data from gene expression databases on various organisms and tissues, including yeast, nematodes, human normal and cancer tissues, and embryonic stem cells, we found that the abundances of expressed genes exhibit a power-law…
We develop a method of obtaining a hierarchy of new higher-order entropies in the context of compressible models with local and non-local diffusion and isentropic pressure. The local viscosity is allowed to degenerate as the density…
We show that size-rank distributions with power-law decay (often only over a limited extent) observed in a vast number of instances in a widespread family of systems obey Tsallis statistics. The theoretical framework for these distributions…
The problem of compression in standard information theory consists of assigning codes as short as possible to numbers. Here we consider the problem of optimal coding -- under an arbitrary coding scheme -- and show that it predicts Zipf's…
We study the emergence of a power law distribution in the systems which can be characterized by a hierarchically organized supplying network. It is shown that conservation laws on the branches of the network can, at some approximation,…
Urban agglomerations exhibit complex emergent features of which Zipf's law, i.e.\ a power-law size distribution, and fractality may be regarded as the most prominent ones. We propose a simplistic model for the generation of city-like…
We review a number of ideas related to area law scaling of the geometric entropy from the point of view of condensed matter, quantum field theory and quantum information. An explicit computation in arbitrary dimensions of the geometric…
In this article, the relationship between two well-accepted empirical propositions regarding the distribution of population in cities, namely, Gibrat's law and Zipf's law, are rigorously examined using the Chinese census data. Our findings…
Entropy relates the fast, microscopic behaviour of the elements in a system to its slow, macroscopic state. We propose to use it to explain how, as complexity theory suggests, small scale decisions of individuals form cities. For this, we…
We present a random-matrix realization of a two-dimensional percolation model with the occupation probability $p$. We find that the behavior of the model is governed by the two first extreme eigenvalues. While the second extreme eigenvalue…
We summarize a book under publication with his title written by the three present authors, on the theory of Zipf's law, and more generally of power laws, driven by the mechanism of proportional growth. The preprint is available upon request…
Zipf's law is the main regularity of quantitative linguistics. Despite of many works devoted to foundations of this law, it is still unclear whether it is only a statistical regularity, or it has deeper relations with information-carrying…
We investigate the finite-size corrections of the entanglement entropy of critical ladders and propose a conjecture for its scaling behavior. The conjecture is verified for free fermions, Heisenberg and quantum Ising ladders. Our results…
We analyze about two hundred naturally occurring networks with distinct dynamical origins to formally test whether the commonly assumed hypothesis of an underlying scale-free structure is generally viable. This has recently been questioned…
Tokenization is a fundamental step in natural language processing (NLP) and other sequence modeling domains, where the choice of vocabulary size significantly impacts model performance. Despite its importance, selecting an optimal…
Identifying statistical patterns characterizing human trajectories is crucial for public health, traffic engineering, city planning, and epidemic modeling. Recent developments in global positioning systems and mobile phone networks have…