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We first propose a concise singular value decomposition of dual matrices. Then, the randomized version of the decomposition is presented. It can significantly reduce the computational cost while maintaining the similar accuracy. We analyze…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Mengyu Wang , Jingchun Zhou , Hanyu Li

A long sequence of tosses of a classical coin produces an apparently random bit string, but classical randomness is an illusion: the algorithmic information content of a classically-generated bit string lies almost entirely in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulvi Yurtsever

We investigate the connection between measure, capacity and algorithmic randomness for the space of closed sets. For any computable measure m, a computable capacity T may be defined by letting T(Q) be the measure of the family of closed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Douglas Cenzer , Paul Brodhead , Ferit Toska , Sebastian Wyman

We consider the question as to whether the exponent of a computably presentable Lebesgue space whose dimension is at least 2 must be computable. We show this very natural conjecture is true when the exponent is at least 2 or when the space…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Timothy H. McNicholl

We introduce and study several notions of computability-theoretic reducibility between subsets of $\omega$ that are "robust" in the sense that if only partial information is available about the oracle, then partial information can be…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-06-12 Damir Dzhafarov , Gregory Igusa

We propose the construction of entire functions with a given random collection of zeros. There are considered two particular cases. In the first one we are dealing with simple zeros. And the second corresponds to random zeros with random…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Yuri Kondratiev

A number of generalizations of stochastic and information-theoretic randomness are known in the literature. However, they are not compatible with handling meaning in vague and dynamic contexts of rough reasoning (and therefore explainable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Mani A

Assuming the obvious definitions (see paper) we show the a decidable model that is effectively prime is also effectively atomic. This implies that two effectively prime (decidable) models are computably isomorphic. This is in contrast to…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-01-31 Peter Cholak , Charlie McCoy

We consider whether given a simple, finite description of a group in the form of an algorithm, it is possible to algorithmically determine if the corresponding group has some specified property or not. When there is such an algorithm, we…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Jennifer Chubb , Iva Bilanovic , Sam Roven

The decimal digits of $\pi$ are widely believed to behave like as statistically independent random variables taking the values $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$, $6, 7, 8, 9$ with equal probabilities $1/10$. In this article, first, another similar…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-17 Karlis Podnieks

We consider classical and quantum algorithms which have a duality property: roughly, either the algorithm provides some nontrivial improvement over random or there exist many solutions which are significantly worse than random. This enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 M. B. Hastings

A proof is reconstructed for a useful theorem on the zeros of derivatives of analytic functions due to H. M. Macdonald, which appears to be now little known. The Theorem states that, if a function $f(z)$ is analytic inside a bounded region…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-04-11 R. C. McPhedran

The uncountability of the real numbers is one of their most basic properties, known (far) outside of mathematics. Cantor's 1874 proof of the uncountability of the real numbers even appears in the very first paper on set theory, i.e. a…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Sam Sanders

We discuss some surprising phenomena from basic calculus related to oscillating functions and to the theorem on the differentiability of inverse functions. Among other things, we see that a continuously differentiable function with a strict…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-09-29 Juergen Grahl , Shahar Nevo

Solomonoff unified Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple explanations to one elegant, formal, universal theory of inductive inference, which initiated the field of algorithmic information theory. His central result is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-06-26 Marcus Hutter

We propose a novel modular debiasing technique applicable to any discrete random source, addressing the fundamental challenge of reliably extracting high-quality randomness from inherently imperfect physical processes. The method involves…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-05-12 Eduardo Gueron

Prediction algorithms assign numbers to individuals that are popularly understood as individual "probabilities" -- what is the probability of 5-year survival after cancer diagnosis? -- and which increasingly form the basis for life-altering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Cynthia Dwork , Michael P. Kim , Omer Reingold , Guy N. Rothblum , Gal Yona

Although algorithmic randomness with respect to various non-uniform computable measures is well-studied, little attention has been paid to algorithmic randomness with respect to computable \emph{trivial} measures, where a measure $\mu$ on…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-24 Christopher P. Porter

We study the complexity of deterministic and probabilistic inversions of partial computable functions on the reals.

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-14 George Barmpalias , Mingyang Wang , Xiaoyan Zhang

Speedable numbers are real numbers which are algorithmically approximable from below and whose approximations can be accelerated nonuniformly. We begin this article by answering a question of Barmpalias by separating a strict subclass that…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Rupert Hölzl , Philip Janicki , Wolfgang Merkle , Frank Stephan