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Singular value decomposition (SVD) based principal component analysis (PCA) breaks down in the high-dimensional and limited sample size regime below a certain critical eigen-SNR that depends on the dimensionality of the system and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Arvind Prasadan , Raj Rao Nadakuditi , Debashis Paul

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique commonly used in multivariate data analysis. However, PCA can be difficult to interpret and explain since the principal components (PCs) are linear combinations of the original…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-12-24 W. Liu , H. Zhang , D. Tao , Y. Wang , K. Lu

In sparse principal component analysis we are given noisy observations of a low-rank matrix of dimension $n\times p$ and seek to reconstruct it under additional sparsity assumptions. In particular, we assume here each of the principal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Yash Deshpande , Andrea Montanari

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction method, but its performance is known to be non-robust to outliers. Recently, product-PCA (PPCA) has been shown to possess the efficiency-loss free ordering-robustness…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Hung Hung , Chi-Chun Yeh , Su-Yun Huang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a fundamental tool and has attracted increasing attention in recent decades, while existing methods are restricted to data with a single or finite number of random functions (much smaller…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-22 Xiaoyu Hu , Fang Yao

Given a sample covariance matrix, we examine the problem of maximizing the variance explained by a linear combination of the input variables while constraining the number of nonzero coefficients in this combination. This is known as sparse…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-12-24 Youwei Zhang , Alexandre d'Aspremont , Laurent El Ghaoui

Sparse PCA is one of the most well-studied problems in high-dimensional statistics. In this problem, we are given samples from a distribution with covariance $\Sigma$, whose top eigenvector $v \in R^d$ is $s$-sparse. Existing sparse PCA…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar , Kevin Tian , Peiyuan Zhang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to study the pathogenesis of diseases. To enhance the interpretability of classical PCA, various improved PCA methods have been proposed to date. Among these, a typical method is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Chun-Mei Feng , Yong Xu , Jin-Xing Liu , Ying-Lian Gao , Chun-Hou Zheng

In this paper we initiate the study of whether or not sparse estimation tasks can be performed efficiently in high dimensions, in the robust setting where an $\eps$-fraction of samples are corrupted adversarially. We study the natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-02 Jerry Li

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widespread technique for data analysis that relies on the covariance-correlation matrix of the analyzed data. However to properly work with high-dimensional data, PCA poses severe mathematical…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-18 Luigi Leonardo Palese

Sparse versions of principal component analysis (PCA) have imposed themselves as simple, yet powerful ways of selecting relevant features of high-dimensional data in an unsupervised manner. However, when several sparse principal components…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-22 Charles Bouveyron , Pierre Latouche , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

In this paper we develop a new approach to sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA). We propose two single-unit and two block optimization formulations of the sparse PCA problem, aimed at extracting a single sparse dominant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-12-01 Michel Journée , Yurii Nesterov , Peter Richtárik , Rodolphe Sepulchre

The main shortage of principle component analysis (PCA) based anomaly detection models is their interpretability. In this paper, our goal is to propose an interpretable PCA-based model for anomaly detection and interpretation. The propose…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Xingyan Bin , Ying Zhao , Bilong Shen

We develop a new principal components analysis (PCA) type dimension reduction method for binary data. Different from the standard PCA which is defined on the observed data, the proposed PCA is defined on the logit transform of the success…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-17 Seokho Lee , Jianhua Z. Huang , Jianhua Hu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction techniques in statistics and is especially powerful when a multivariate distribution is concentrated near a lower-dimensional subspace. Multivariate extreme…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Felix Reinbott , Anja Janßen

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) improves interpretability of the classic PCA by introducing sparsity into the dimension-reduction process. Optimization models for sparse PCA, however, are generally non-convex, non-smooth and more…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Lei Wang , Xin Liu , Yin Zhang

The topic of this tutorial is Least Squares Sparse Principal Components Analysis (LS SPCA) which is a simple method for computing approximated Principal Components which are combinations of only a few of the observed variables. Analogously…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-31 Giovanni Maria Merola

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique in machine learning, applied across various fields such as bioinformatics, computer vision and finance. However, when the response variables…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-25 Theodosios Papazoglou , Guosheng Yin

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a prevalent tool across a plethora of subfields of applied statistics. While several results have characterized the recovery error of the principal eigenvectors, these are typically in spectral…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-09 Joshua Agterberg , Jeremias Sulam