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A Szilard Engine is a hypothetical device which is able to extract work from a single thermal reservoir by measuring the position of particles within the engine. We derive the amount of work that can be extracted from such a device in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-23 Martin Plesch , Oscar Dahlsten , John Goold , Vlatko Vedral

In Szilard's engine, measurement and feedback allows to extract work from an equilibrium environment, a process otherwise forbidden by the laws of thermodynamics. Recent theoretical developments have established fluctuation theorems and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 David Barker , Sebastian Lehmann , Kimberly A. Dick , Peter Samuelsson , Ville Maisi , Patrick P. Potts

We have found the optimal condition of the work performed by the quantum Szilard engine (SZE) containing multi-particles. Usually the optimal work of a cyclic engine is achieved when the whole thermodynamic process is reversible. Although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-09 Hee Joon Jeon , Sang Wook Kim

We present a computational model for Szilard's engine and the information discarding process. Taking advantage of a fact that the one is essentially the reversed cycle of the other, we can discuss the both by employing the same model.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Takahiro Hatano , Shin-ichi Sasa

The Szilard engine (SZE) is the quintessence of Maxwell's demon, which can extract the work from a heat bath by utilizing information. We present the first complete quantum analysis of the SZE, and derive an analytic expression of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-23 Sang Wook Kim , Takahiro Sagawa , Simone De Liberato , Masahito Ueda

Szilard engine(SZE) is one of the best example of how information can be used to extract work from a system. Initially, the working substance of SZE was considered to be a single particle. Later on, researchers has extended the studies of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-26 P. S. Pal , A. M. Jayannavar

The Szilard engine stands as a compelling illustration of the intricate interplay between information and thermodynamics. While at thermodynamic equilibrium, the apparent breach of the second law of thermodynamics was reconciled by Landauer…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-17 Luca Cocconi , Letian Chen

The quantum Szilard engine (QSZE) is a conceptual quantum engine for understanding the fundamental physics of quantum thermodynamics and information physics. We generalize the QSZE to an arbitrary spin case, i.e., a spin QSZE (SQSZE), and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-03 Zekun Zhuang , Shi-Dong Liang

By considering level shifting during the insertion process we revisit the quantum Szilard engine (QSZE) with fully quantum consideration. We derive the general expressions of the heat absorbed from thermal bath and the total work done to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Hai Li , Jian Zou , Jun-Gang Li , Bin Shao , Lian-Ao Wu

In a recently published letter [S. W. Kim, T. Sagawa, S. DeLiberato, and M. Ueda, PRL 106, 070401 (2011)] the influence of particle statistics on extractable work in the Szilard engine was discussed. We point out that the expressions given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-21 Martin Plesch , Oscar Dahlsten , John Goold , Vlatko Vedral

Szil\'ard's information engine is a canonical example in the field of thermodynamics of information. We realize experimentally a macroscopic many-particle Szil\'ard engine that consists of active particles and use it to lift a mass against…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-22 Omer Chor , Amir Sohachi , Rémi Goerlich , Eran Rosen , Saar Rahav , Yael Roichman

Isothermal information engines operate by extracting net work from a single heat bath through measurement and feedback control. In this work, we analyze a realistic active Szilard engine operating on a single active particle by means of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-15 Luca Cocconi , Paolo Malgaretti , Holger Stark

A 1929 Gedankenexperiment proposed by Szil\'ard, often referred to as "Szil\'ard's engine", has served as a foundation for computing fundamental thermodynamic bounds to information processing. While Szil\'ard's original box could be…

The Szil\'ard engine is a mechanism (akin to Maxwell's demon) for converting information into energy, which seemingly violates the second law of thermodynamics. Originally a classical thought experiment, it was extended to a quantized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Paul Davies , Logan Thomas , George Zahariade

In this work we have calculated analytically the work extraction in multi-particle Szilard engine. Unlike the previous studies, here we have introduced the biasing in the measurement procedure by inserting the partition at an arbitrary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-12-22 P. S. Pal , A. M. Jayannavar

Feedback can be utilized to convert information into useful work, making it an effective tool for increasing the performance of thermodynamic engines. Using feedback reversibility as a guiding principle, we devise a method for designing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jordan M. Horowitz , Juan M. R. Parrondo

A crucial step in the operation of the Szilard engine is the isothermal expansion of a single particle system. This expansion, seemingly a natural consequence, is unable to proceed when the piston is considered appropriately to be a thermal…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-11-03 Quanmin Guo

We study a quantum Szilard engine that is not powered by heat drawn from a thermal reservoir, but rather by projective measurements. The engine is constituted of a system $\mathcal{S}$, a weight $\mathcal{W}$, and a Maxwell demon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-17 M. Hamed Mohammady , Janet Anders

It has recently been shown that the Jarzynski equality gets modified, when there are experimental errors in computing work. This modified result also holds good in presence of feedback. In this work, we use a simple toy model, that of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-09-05 Sourabh Lahiri , Arun M. Jayannavar

The conversion of thermal energy into work is usually more efficient in the slow-driving regime, where the power output is vanishingly small. Efficient work extraction for fast driving protocols remains an outstanding challenge at the…

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