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The perpetual opposition between antiviruses and malware leads both parties to evolve continuously. On the one hand, antiviruses put in place solutions that are more and more sophisticated and propose more complex detection techniques in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Cédric Herzog , Valérie Viet Triem Tong , Pierre Wilke , Arnaud van Straaten , Jean-Louis Lanet

Binary code similarity detection is a core task in reverse engineering. It supports malware analysis and vulnerability discovery by identifying semantically similar code in different contexts. Modern methods have progressed from manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charles E. Gagnon , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung

In this study we have presented a novel feature representation for malicious programs that can be used for malware classification. We have shown how to construct the features in a bottom-up approach, and analyzed the overlap of malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-19 John Musgrave , Temesguen Messay-Kebede , David Kapp , Anca Ralescu

Deepfakes utilise Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to create synthetic media where the likeness of one person is replaced with another. There are growing concerns that deepfakes can be maliciously used to create misleading and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Nyee Thoang Lim , Meng Yi Kuan , Muxin Pu , Mei Kuan Lim , Chun Yong Chong

Converting malware into images followed by vision-based deep learning algorithms has shown superior threat detection efficacy compared with classical machine learning algorithms. When malware are visualized as images, visual-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Li Chen , Carter Yagemann , Evan Downing

Malware detection have used machine learning to detect malware in programs. These applications take in raw or processed binary data to neural network models to classify as benign or malicious files. Even though this approach has proven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Xiruo Wang , Risto Miikkulainen

This work proposes a different procedure to encrypt images of 256 grey levels and colour, using the symmetric system Advanced Encryption Standard with a variable permutation in the first round, after the x-or operation. Variable permutation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-22 V. M. Silva-García , R. Flores-Carapia , C. Rentería-Máarquez , B. Luna-Benoso , C. A. Jiménez Vázquez

Detection of unknown malware with high accuracy is always a challenging task. Therefore, in this paper, we study the classification of unknown malware by two methods. In the first/regular method, similar to other authors [17][16][20]…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Ashu Sharma , Sanjay K. Sahay , Abhishek Kumar

In this paper we propose an algorithm for the detection of edges in images that is based on topological asymptotic analysis. Motivated from the Mumford--Shah functional, we consider a variational functional that penalizes oscillations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-06-12 E. Beretta , M. Grasmair , M. Muszkieta , O. Scherzer

Passive operating system fingerprinting reveals valuable information to the defenders of heterogeneous private networks; at the same time, attackers can use fingerprinting to reconnoiter networks, so defenders need obfuscation techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Blake Anderson , David McGrew

Several cybersecurity domains, such as ransomware detection, forensics and data analysis, require methods to reliably identify encrypted data fragments. Typically, current approaches employ statistics derived from byte-level distribution,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Fabio De Gaspari , Dorjan Hitaj , Giulio Pagnotta , Lorenzo De Carli , Luigi V. Mancini

In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of dynamic analysis techniques for identifying malware, using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Profile Hidden Markov Models (PHMMs), both trained on sequences of API calls. We contrast our results…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Swapna Vemparala , Fabio Di Troia , Corrado A. Visaggio , Thomas H. Austin , Mark Stamp

A key obstacle in automated analytics and meta-learning is the inability to recognize when different datasets contain measurements of the same variable. Because provided attribute labels are often uninformative in practice, this task may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Jonas Mueller , Alex Smola

This paper presents a general overview on evolution of concealment methods in computer viruses and defensive techniques employed by anti-virus products. In order to stay far from the anti-virus scanners, computer viruses gradually improve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-04-07 Babak Bashari Rad , Maslin Masrom , Suhaimi Ibrahim

A Previously traditional methods were sufficient to protect the information, since it is simplicity in the past does not need complicated methods but with the progress of information technology, it become easy to attack systems, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-02-12 Rafiqul Islam , A. W. Naji , A. A. Zaidan , B. B. Zaidan

This paper proposes a novel method of classifying malware into families using high-resolution greyscale images and multiple instance learning to overcome adversarial binary enlargement. Current methods of visualisation-based malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Tim Peters , Hikmat Farhat

Many cybersecurity attacks rely on analyzing a binary executable to find exploitable sections of code. Code obfuscation is used to prevent attackers from reverse engineering these executables. In this work, we focus on control flow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Novak Boskov , Mihailo Isakov , Michel A. Kinsy

The use of Machine Learning has become a significant part of malware detection efforts due to the influx of new malware, an ever changing threat landscape, and the ability of Machine Learning methods to discover meaningful distinctions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 John Boutsikas , Maksim E. Eren , Charles Varga , Edward Raff , Cynthia Matuszek , Charles Nicholas

Malware authors often use cryptographic tools such as XOR encryption and block ciphers like AES to obfuscate part of the malware to evade detection. Use of cryptography may give the impression that these obfuscation techniques have some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Muhammad Ikram , Giang Nguyen , Dali Kaafar , Sean Lamont , Daniel Coscia

As computing systems become increasingly advanced and as users increasingly engage themselves in technology, security has never been a greater concern. In malware detection, static analysis, the method of analyzing potentially malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Chan Woo Kim