Related papers: Data Mining and Machine-Learning in Time-Domain Di…
Understanding the principles of geophysical phenomena is an essential and challenging task. "Model-driven" approaches have supported the development of geophysics for a long time; however, such methods suffer from the curse of…
In recent decades, astronomy and astrophysics have experienced several fundamental changes. On one hand, there has been a significant increase in the observation of transient phenomena, which are short-lived events such as supernova…
Astronomical datasets are growing in size and diversity, posing severe technical problems. At the same time scientific goals increasingly require the analysis of very large amounts of data, and data from multiple archives. The Virtual…
Revolutionary advances in both theory and technology have launched cosmology into its most exciting period of discovery yet. Unanticipated components of the universe have been identified, promising ideas for understanding the basic features…
Classification is a popular task in the field of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), and it happens when outputs are categorical variables. There are a wide variety of models that attempts to draw some conclusions from…
Gravitational wave astronomy has emerged as a new branch of observational astronomy, since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015. The current number of $O(100)$ detections is expected to grow by several orders of magnitude over…
The flat matter dominated Universe that dominated cosmological model building for much of the past 20 years does not correspond to the Universe in which we live. This has profound implications both for our understanding of dark matter, and…
Breakthroughs in physics and astrophysics are often driven by technological advances, with the recent detection of gravitational waves being one such example. This white paper focuses upon how improved astrometric and spectroscopic…
The growing trove of precision astrometric observations from the Gaia space telescope and other surveys is revealing the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way in ever more exquisite detail. We summarize the current status of our…
A wealth of astronomical data indicate the presence of mass discrepancies in the Universe. The motions observed in a variety of classes of extragalactic systems exceed what can be explained by the mass visible in stars and gas. Either (i)…
The light we observe from distant astrophysical objects including supernovae and quasars allows us to determine large distances in terms of a cosmological model. Despite the success of the standard cosmological model in fitting the data,…
Time domain astronomy has emerged as a vibrant research field in recent years, focusing on celestial objects that exhibit variable magnitudes or positions. Given the urgency of conducting follow-up observations for such objects, the…
Some 400 years after Galileo, modern telescopes have enabled humanity to "see" what the natural eye cannot. Astronomical images today contain information about incredibly large objects located across vast distances and reveal information…
The current role of data-driven science is constantly increasing its importance within Astrophysics, due to the huge amount of multi-wavelength data collected every day, characterized by complex and high-volume information requiring…
Recent all-sky and large-area astronomical surveys and their catalogued data over the whole range of electromagnetic spectrum are reviewed, from Gamma-ray to radio, such as Fermi-GLAST and INTEGRAL in Gamma-ray, ROSAT, XMM and Chandra in…
Stellar astronomy, fueled by massive capital investments, advances in numerical modeling and theory, is resurgent and arguably is on the verge of a magnificent renaissance. Powerful time domain optical surveys, both on ground and in space,…
Many decades ago a search for variable stars was one of the main areas of astrophysical research. Such searches, conducted with CCD detectors rather than with photographic plates, became a by-product of several projects seeking…
With advancements in GPS, remote sensing, and computational simulation, an enormous volume of spatiotemporal data is being collected at an increasing speed from various application domains, spanning Earth sciences, agriculture, smart…
The ability to map the cosmological expansion has developed enormously, spurred by the turning point one decade ago of the discovery of cosmic acceleration. The standard model of cosmology has shifted from a matter dominated, standard…
Building accurate and predictive models of the underlying mechanisms of celestial motion has inspired fundamental developments in theoretical physics. Candidate theories seek to explain observations and predict future positions of planets,…