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The fully connected Hopfield network is inferred based on observed magnetizations and pairwise correlations. We present the system in the glassy phase with low temperature and high memory load. We find that the inference error is very…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-12-24 Haiping Huang

We study a simple extended model of oscillator neural networks capable of storing sparsely coded phase patterns, in which information is encoded both in the mean firing rate and in the timing of spikes. Applying the methods of statistical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Masaki Nomura , Toshio Aoyagi

The Hopfield model is a paradigmatic model of neural networks that has been analyzed for many decades in the statistical physics, neuroscience, and machine learning communities. Inspired by the manifold hypothesis in machine learning, we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-05-01 Matteo Negri , Clarissa Lauditi , Gabriele Perugini , Carlo Lucibello , Enrico Malatesta

Unsupervised learning in a generalized Hopfield associative-memory network is investigated in this work. First, we prove that the (generalized) Hopfield model is equivalent to a semi-restricted Boltzmann machine with a layer of visible…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Huiling Zhen , Shang-Nan Wang , Hai-Jun Zhou

We study a class of Hopfield models where the memories are represented by a mixture of Gaussian and binary variables and the neurons are Ising spins. We study the properties of this family of models as the relative weight of the two kinds…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-09-29 Luca Leuzzi , Alberto Patti , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

We present a Hopfield-like autoassociative network for memories representing examples of concepts. Each memory is encoded by two activity patterns with complementary properties. The first is dense and correlated across examples within…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-28 Louis Kang , Taro Toyoizumi

We study a variant of the pseudo-inverse learning rule for Hopfield-like Neural Networks, which allows the network to infer archetypal concepts on the basis of a limited number of examples. The mean-field replica theory for this model…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-03 Marco Benedetti , Giulia Fischetti , Enzo Marinari , Gleb Oshanin , Victor Dotsenko

Little is known theoretically about the associative memory capabilities of neural networks in which information is encoded not only in the mean firing rate but also in the timing of firings. Particularly, in the case that the fraction of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Toshio Aoyagi , Masaki Nomura

The Hopfield model describes a neural network that stores memories using all-to-all-coupled spins. Memory patterns are recalled under equilibrium dynamics. Storing too many patterns breaks the associative recall process because frustration…

This article delves into the Hopfield neural network model, drawing inspiration from biological neural systems. The exploration begins with an overview of the model's foundations, incorporating insights from mechanical statistics to deepen…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-10-29 Matteo Silvestri

We present a nonparametric interpretation for deep learning compatible modern Hopfield models and utilize this new perspective to debut efficient variants. Our key contribution stems from interpreting the memory storage and retrieval…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Bo-Yu Chen , Dennis Wu , Feng Ruan , Han Liu

We introduce the sparse modern Hopfield model as a sparse extension of the modern Hopfield model. Like its dense counterpart, the sparse modern Hopfield model equips a memory-retrieval dynamics whose one-step approximation corresponds to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Donglin Yang , Dennis Wu , Chenwei Xu , Bo-Yu Chen , Han Liu

It has been recently shown that a learning transition happens when a Hopfield Network stores examples generated as superpositions of random features, where new attractors corresponding to such features appear in the model. In this work we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-07-09 Silvio Kalaj , Clarissa Lauditi , Gabriele Perugini , Carlo Lucibello , Enrico M. Malatesta , Matteo Negri

We consider the problem of inferring the interactions between a set of N binary variables from the knowledge of their frequencies and pairwise correlations. The inference framework is based on the Hopfield model, a special case of the Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-27 Simona Cocco , Remi Monasson , Vitor Sessak

A statistical inference method is developed and tested for pairwise interacting systems whose degrees of freedom are continuous angular variables, such as planar spins in magnetic systems or wave phases in optics and acoustics. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-15 P. Tyagi , A. Pagnani , F. Antenucci , M. Ibáñez Berganza , L. Leuzzi

Attractor networks are an influential theory for memory storage in brain systems. This theory has recently been challenged by the observation of strong temporal variability in neuronal recordings during memory tasks. In this work, we study…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-02 Ulises Pereira-Obilinovic , Johnatan Aljadeff , Nicolas Brunel

Understanding the theoretical foundations of how memories are encoded and retrieved in neural populations is a central challenge in neuroscience. A popular theoretical scenario for modeling memory function is the attractor neural network…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 Alireza Alemi , Carlo Baldassi , Nicolas Brunel , Riccardo Zecchina

The brain can reproduce memories from partial data; this ability is critical for memory recall. The process of memory recall has been studied using auto-associative networks such as the Hopfield model. This kind of model reliably converges…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-18 James P. Roach , Leonard M Sander , Michal R. Zochowski

We discuss prototype formation in the Hopfield network. Typically, Hebbian learning with highly correlated states leads to degraded memory performance. We show this type of learning can lead to prototype formation, where unlearned states…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hayden McAlister , Anthony Robins , Lech Szymanski

Federated learning enables collaborative training without sharing raw data, but struggles under client heterogeneity and streaming distribution shifts, where drift and novel data can impair convergence and cause forgetting. We propose a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-03-23 Andrea Alessandrelli , Fabrizio Durante , Andrea Ladiana , Andrea Lepre
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