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Related papers: Computational Complexity on Signed Numbers

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As generative foundation models improve, they also tend to become more persuasive, raising concerns that AI automation will enable governments, firms, and other actors to manipulate beliefs with unprecedented scale and effectiveness at…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zachary Wojtowicz

We study the complexity of computational problems from quantum physics. Typically, they are studied using the complexity class QMA (quantum counterpart of NP) but some natural computational problems appear to be slightly harder than QMA. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-11 Andris Ambainis

We give the easily recognizable name "cinnamon" and "cinnamon programming" to a new computation model intended to form a theoretical foundation for Control Network Programming (CNP). CNP has established itself as a programming paradigm…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Kostadin Kratchanov

While concepts and tools from Theoretical Computer Science are regularly applied to, and significantly support, software development for discrete problems, Numerical Engineering largely employs recipes and methods whose correctness and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Akitoshi Kawamura , Martin Ziegler

The goal of this paper consists of developing a new (more physical and numerical in comparison with standard and non-standard analysis approaches) point of view on Calculus with functions assuming infinite and infinitesimal values. It uses…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Yaroslav D. Sergeyev

We prove that quantum computation is polynomially equivalent to classical probabilistic computation with an oracle for estimating the value of simple sums, quadratically signed weight enumerators. The problem of estimating these sums can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Knill , R. Laflamme

We consider implicit definability of the standard part {0,1,...} in nonstandard models of Peano arithmetic (PA), and we ask whether there is a model of PA in which the standard part is implicitly definable. In section 1, we define a certain…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Saharon Shelah , Akito Tsuboi

We survey classical and recent developments in numerical linear algebra, focusing on two issues: computational complexity, or arithmetic costs, and numerical stability, or performance under roundoff error. We present a brief account of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-06-22 Olga Holtz , Noam Shomron

This paper proves that arrangement of music is NP-hard when subject to various constraints: avoiding musical dissonance, limiting how many notes can be played simultaneously, and limiting transition speed between chords. These results imply…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-15 William S. Moses , Erik D. Demaine

Depth is a complexity measure for natural systems of the kind studied in statistical physics and is defined in terms of computational complexity. Depth quantifies the length of the shortest parallel computation required to construct a…

Popular Physics · Physics 2011-11-14 Jon Machta

The classical PCP theorem is arguably the most important achievement of classical complexity theory in the past quarter century. In recent years, researchers in quantum computational complexity have tried to identify approaches and develop…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 Dorit Aharonov , Itai Arad , Thomas Vidick

We study the complexity of computing the sign of the Tutte polynomial of a graph. As there are only three possible outcomes (positive, negative, and zero), this seems at first sight more like a decision problem than a counting problem.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-10-10 Leslie Ann Goldberg , Mark Jerrum

We prove various extensions of the Tennenbaum phenomenon to the case of computable quotient presentations of models of arithmetic and set theory. Specifically, no nonstandard model of arithmetic has a computable quotient presentation by a…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Michał Tomasz Godziszewski , Joel David Hamkins

What makes a computational problem easy (e.g., in P, that is, solvable in polynomial time) or hard (e.g., NP-hard)? This fundamental question now has a satisfactory answer for a quite broad class of computational problems, so called…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Libor Barto

The concept of number is fundamental to the formulation of any physical theory. We give a heuristic motivation for the reformulation of Quantum Mechanics in terms of non-standard real numbers called Quantum Real Numbers. The standard axioms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John V Corbett , Thomas Durt

Prime numbers are fascinating by the way they appear in the set of natural numbers. Despite several results enlighting us about their repartition, the set of prime numbers is often informally qualified as misterious. In the present paper,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Arnaud Mayeux

Counters that hold natural numbers are ubiquitous in modeling and verifying software systems; for example, they model dynamic creation and use of resources in concurrent programs. Unfortunately, such discrete counters often lead to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-27 A. R. Balasubramanian , Matthew Hague , Rupak Majumdar , Ramanathan S. Thinniyam , Georg Zetzsche

We present an alternative cyclic proof system for Peano arithmetic that could be simpler than the existing ones and well-adapted both for proof analysis and for automatizing inductive proof search. In addition, we will show how various…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Lev D. Beklemishev , Daniyar S. Shamkanov , Ivan N. Smirnov

We formalize an existing computability-theoretic method of presenting first-order structures whose domains have the cardinality of the continuum. Work using these methods until now has emphasized their topological properties. We shift the…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Jason Block , Russell Miller

We describe a "slow" version of the hierarchy of uniform reflection principles over Peano Arithmetic ($\mathbf{PA}$). These principles are unprovable in Peano Arithmetic (even when extended by usual reflection principles of lower…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Anton Freund