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Related papers: An upper bound on Reidemeister moves

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We provide a simple algorithm for recognizing and performing Reidemeister moves in a Gauss diagram.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Sandy Ganzell , Ellen Lehet , Cristina Lopez , Gilbert Magallon , Alyson Thompson

The Reidemeister theorem states that any link in $3$-space can be encoded by a diagram (a suitably decorated projection) on a plane, and provides a finite set of combinatorial moves relating two diagrams of the same link up to isotopy. In…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Carlo Petronio

There is a positive constant $c_1$ such that for any diagram $D$ representing the unknot, there is a sequence of at most $2^{c_1 n}$ Reidemeister moves that will convert it to a trivial knot diagram, $n$ is the number of crossings in $D$. A…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joel Hass , Jeffrey C. Lagarias

We give an upper bound on the number of perfect matchings in an undirected simple graph $G$ with an even number of vertices, in terms of the degrees of all the vertices in $G$. This bound is sharp if $G$ is a union of complete bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-03-07 Shmuel Friedland

An involutive link is a link which is invariant under the standard rotation by 180 degrees in $S^3$. We establish an equivariant analogue of the work of Carter and Saito aimed at studying equivariant cobordisms between involutive links.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Maciej Borodzik , Irving Dai , Abhishek Mallick , Matthew Stoffregen

We prove that for some knot-like objects one can easily recognize non-equivalence w.r.t. all Reidemeister moves by studying some equivalence classes modulo only 2nd Reidemeister moves. There are applications to virtual knots, graph-links…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-02-23 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

Every link in the 3-sphere has a projection to the plane where the only singularities are pairwise transverse triple points. The associated diagram, with height information at each triple point, is a triple-crossing diagram of the link. We…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-06-29 Colin Adams , Jim Hoste , Martin Palmer

In this paper a classification of Reidemeister moves, which is the most refined, is introduced. In particular, this classification distinguishes some $\Omega_3$-moves that only differ in how the three strands that are involved in the move…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Olof-Petter OEstlund

We study the number of Reidemeister type III moves using Fox n-colorings of knot diagrams.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Scott Carter , Mohamed Elhamdadi , Masahico Saito , Shin Satoh

In the previous paper, we considered a link diagram invariant of Hass and Nowik type using regular smoothing and unknotting number, to estimate the number of Reidemeister moves needed for unlinking. In this paper, we introduce a new link…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Chuichiro Hayashi , Miwa Hayashi

We give an upper bound on the number of cycles in a simple graph in terms of its degree sequence, and apply this bound to resolve several conjectures of Kir\'aly and Arman and Tsaturian and to improve upper bounds on the maximum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Zdeněk Dvořák , Natasha Morrison , Jonathan A. Noel , Sergey Norin , Luke Postle

We propose some natural generalizations of Reidemeister moves that do not increase the number of crossings in the generated diagrams. Experimentations make us conjecture that this class of monotonic moves is complete for computing canonical…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-07-29 Serge Burckel

The potential function of the optimistic limit of the colored Jones polynomial and the construction of the solution of the hyperbolicity equations were defined in the authors' previous articles. In this article, we define the Reidemeister…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Jinseok Cho , Jun Murakami

We give an upper bound on the number of perfect matchings in simple graphs with a given number of vertices and edges. We apply this result to give an upper bound on the number of 2-factors in a directed complete bipartite balanced graph on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-01 M. Aaghabali , S. Akbari , S. Friedland , K. Markstrom , Z. Tajfirouz

In mathematics, a knot is a single strand of string crossed over itself any number of times, and connected at the ends. The Reidemeister Moves have been proven to be the three core moves necessary to fully untangle a knot. Some knots can be…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Dana Foley

We prove that deciding if a diagram of the unknot can be untangled using at most $k$ Riedemeister moves (where $k$ is part of the input) is NP-hard. We also prove that several natural questions regarding links in the $3$-sphere are NP-hard,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Arnaud de Mesmay , Yo'av Rieck , Eric Sedgwick , Martin Tancer

Recently, Freedman [arXiv:2301.00295] introduced the idea of packing a maximal number of links into a bounded region subject to geometric constraints, and produced upper bounds on the packing number in some cases, while commenting that…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Fedor Manin , Elia Portnoy

In the present paper we give a simple proof of the fact that the set of virtual links with orientable atoms is closed. More precisely, the theorem states that if two virtual diagrams $K$ and $K'$ have orientable atoms and they are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-01-04 D. Yu. Krylov , V. O. Manturov

We establish upper and lower bounds on the maximal number of steps needed to transform a cyclic permutation to the canonical cyclic permutation using conjugation by adjacent transpositions, and on the diameter of the underlying Schreier…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Ron M. Adin , Eli Bagno , Yuval Roichman

An upper bound for the number of Hamiltonian cycles of symmetric diagraphs is established first in this paper, which is tighter than the famous Minc's bound and the Br$\acute{e}$gman's bound. A transformation on graphs is proposed, so that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-12-06 Jinshan Zhang