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Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from every graph $F \in \mathcal{F}$. Many graph isomorphism relaxations such as (quantum) isomorphism…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marek Černý , Tim Seppelt

The purpose of this article is to show that even the most elementary problems in asymptotic extremal graph theory can be highly non-trivial. We study linear inequalities between graph homomorphism densities. In the language of quantum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-19 Hamed Hatami , Serguei Norine

Holant problems are a general framework to study the computational complexity of counting problems. It is a more expressive framework than counting constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) which are in turn more expressive than counting graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jin-Yi Cai , Jin Soo Ihm

We introduce (weak) oddomorphisms of graphs which are homomorphisms with additional constraints based on parity. These maps turn out to have interesting properties (e.g., they preserve planarity), particularly in relation to homomorphism…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-22 David E. Roberson

The Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is a problem of computing a homomorphism $\mathbf{R}\to \mathbf{\Gamma}$ between two relational structures, where $\mathbf{R}$ is defined over a domain $V$ and $\mathbf{\Gamma}$ is defined over a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Rustem Takhanov

The complexity of the promise constraint satisfaction problem $\operatorname{PCSP}(\mathbf{A},\mathbf{B})$ is largely unknown, even for symmetric $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$, except for the case when $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Tamio-Vesa Nakajima , Stanislav Živný

In this paper we study the complexity of counting Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of the form #CSP($\mathcal{C}$,-), in which the goal is, given a relational structure $\mathbf{A}$ from a class $\mathcal{C}$ of structures and an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Andrei A. Bulatov , Stanislav Zivny

In this paper, we study the graph classification problem from the graph homomorphism perspective. We consider the homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$, where $G$ is a graph of interest (e.g. molecules or social networks) and $F$ belongs to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Hoang NT , Takanori Maehara

We present a framework for the complexity classification of parameterized counting problems that can be formulated as the summation over the numbers of homomorphisms from small pattern graphs H_1,...,H_l to a big host graph G with the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Marc Roth

An isomorphism between two graphs is a bijection between their vertices that preserves the edges. We consider the problem of determining whether two finite undirected weighted graphs are isomorphic, and finding an isomorphism relating them…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-03 Reza Takapoui , Stephen Boyd

We investigate a special kind of contraction of symmetric spaces (respectively, of Lie triple systems), called homotopy. In this first part of a series of two papers we construct such contractions for classical symmetric spaces in an…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-03-06 Wolfgang Bertram , Pierre Bieliavsky

We introduce a topology on the space of all isomorphism types represented in a given class of countable models, and use this topology as an aid in classifying the isomorphism types. This mixes ideas from effective descriptive set theory and…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Russell Miller

For a finite relational structure A, let CSP(A) denote the CSP instances whose constraint relations are taken from A. The resulting family of problems CSP(A) has been considered heavily in a variety of computational contexts. In this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Hubie Chen , Matt Valeriote , Yuichi Yoshida

It is well known [Lov\'asz, 67] that up to isomorphism a graph~$G$ is determined by the homomorphism counts $\hom(F, G)$, i.e., the number of homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$, where $F$ ranges over all graphs. Thus, in principle, we can answer…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Yijia Chen , Jörg Flum , Mingjun Liu , Zhiyang Xun

In recent years many algorithms have been developed for finding patterns in graphs and networks. A disadvantage of these algorithms is that they use subgraph isomorphism to determine the support of a graph pattern; subgraph isomorphism is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Anton Dries , Siegfried Nijssen

We study the complexity of the parameterised counting constraint satisfaction problem: given a set of constraints over a set of variables and a positive integer $k$, how many ways are there to assign $k$ variables to 1 (and the others to 0)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Panagiotis Aivasiliotis , Andreas Göbel , Marc Roth

This article is dedicated to the investigation of difficulties involved in the understanding of the homomorphism concept. It doesn't restrict to group-theory but on the contrary raises the issue of developing teaching strategies aiming at…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-03-29 Thomas Hausberger

The paper presents complexity results and performance guaranties for a family of approximation algorithms for an optimisation problem arising in software testing and manufacturing. The problem is formulated as a partitioning of a set where…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yakov Zinder , Bertrand M. T. Lin , Joanna Berlińska

It is shown that a graph parameter can be realized as the number of homomorphisms into a fixed (weighted) graph if and only if it satisfies two linear algebraic conditions: reflection positivity and exponential rank-connectivity. In terms…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Freedman , L. Lovasz , A. Schrijver

In this article, we identify the existence of a divisibility relationship between the number of ring homomorphisms and surjective group homomorphisms. We demonstrate that for finite cyclic structures, the number of ring homomorphisms from…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Sonu Kumar , Priyabrata Mandal
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