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We study problems of the calculus of variations and optimal control within the framework of time scales. Specifically, we obtain Euler-Lagrange type equations for both Lagrangians depending on higher order delta derivatives and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-07-30 Rui A. C. Ferreira

The degree by which a function can be differentiated need not be restricted to integer values. Usually most of the field equations of physics are taken to be second order, curiosity asks what happens if this is only approximately the case…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-23 Mark D. Roberts

Fractional partial differential equations (FDEs) are used to describe phenomena that involve a "non-local" or "long-range" interaction of some kind. Accurate and practical numerical approximation of their solutions is challenging due to the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-18 Justin Crum , Joshua A. Levine , Andrew Gillette

This paper presents a relativistic version of Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity (NFDG), an alternative gravitational model recently introduced and based on the theory of fractional-dimension spaces. This extended version - Relativistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-26 Gabriele U. Varieschi

This is a first version of a paper concerning abstract evolution equation with fractional time derivatives. Maximal regularity results in spaces of continuous and Hoelder continuous functions are described.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-07-10 Davide Guidetti

A theory of time and space with fractional dimensions (FD) of time and space ($d_{\alpha}, \alpha=t,{\bf r})$ defined on multifractal sets is proposed. The FD is determined (using principle of minimum the functionals of FD) by the energy…

Space Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Leonid Ya. Kobelev

We consider a fractional generalization of gradient systems. We use differential forms and exterior derivatives of fractional orders. Examples of fractional gradient systems are considered. We describe the stationary states of these…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-26 Vasily E. Tarasov

A Langevin equation with a special type of additive random source is considered. This random force presents a fractional order derivative of white noise, and leads to a power-law time behavior of the mean square displacement of a particle,…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-31 V. Kobelev , E. Romanov

A fractal approach to numerical analysis of electromagnetic space-time crystals, created by three standing plane harmonic waves with mutually orthogonal phase planes and the same frequency, is presented. Finite models of electromagnetic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 G. N. Borzdov

A class of linear evolutionary equations with material laws involving fractional time-derivatives is considered. The main result is well-posedness and causality for this problem class. The approach is illustrated with two examples: a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-04-10 Rainer Picard

It is well known that in quantum gravity, the very geometry of space and time is subject to continual fluctuation. The mathematical formulation for this old theory is still lacking. This article formulates this more than forty-year-old…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-27 Behzad Tajahmad

We sharpen a recent observation by Tim Maudlin: differential calculus is a natural language for physics only if additional structure, like the definition of a Hodge dual or a metric, is given; but the discrete version of this calculus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-12 Carlo Rovelli , Václav Zatloukal

Fractional calculus and q-deformed Lie algebras are closely related. Both concepts expand the scope of standard Lie algebras to describe generalized symmetries. A new class of fractional q-deformed Lie algebras is proposed, which for the…

General Physics · Physics 2014-11-21 Richard Herrmann

In this study, we explore the field of physics through the lens of fractional dimensionality. We propose that space is not confined to integer dimensions alone, but can also be understood as a superposition of spaces that exist between…

General Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Ali Dorostkar

This work presents an analysis of fractional derivatives and fractal derivatives, discussing their differences and similarities. The fractal derivative is closely connected to Haussdorff's concepts of fractional dimension geometry. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Airton Deppman , Eugenio Megias , Roman Pasechnik

I discuss the nature of a Fractional Discrete Fourier Transform (FrDFT) described algorithmically by a combination of chirp transforms and ordinary DFTs. The transform is shown to be consistent with a continuous two-dimensional rotation…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-10-01 Evan Zayas

In this paper, a Fourier series in fractional dimensional space is introduced for an arbitrarily periodic function $f(t;\alpha)$. We call it fractional Fourier series of the order $\alpha$. Extending the basis functions of the linear space…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-02 Ali Dorostkar , Ahmad Sabihi

We review recent progress in the fractional Calder\'on problem, where one tries to determine an unknown coefficient in a fractional Schr\"odinger equation from exterior measurements of solutions. This equation enjoys remarkable uniqueness…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-02-16 Mikko Salo

We prove duality estimates for time-fractional and more general subdiffusion problems. An important example is given by subdiffusive porous medium type equations. Our estimates can be used to prove uniqueness of weak solutions to such…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Arlúcio Viana , Patryk Wolejko , Rico Zacher

Time crystals are quantum systems which are able to reveal condensed matter behavior in the time domain. It is known that crystalization in time can be observed in a periodically driven many-body system when interactions between particles…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-04-02 Pawel Matus , Krzysztof Sacha