Related papers: Relationship between vertical and horizontal magne…
Observations with the Hinode space observatory led to the discovery of predominantly horizontal magnetic fields in the photosphere of the quiet internetwork region. Here we investigate realistic numerical simulations of the surface layers…
Observations with the Hinode spectro-polarimeter have revealed strong horizontal internetwork magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere. We aim at interpreting the observations by means of results from numerical simulations. Radiative…
We study the contradictory magnetic field strength distributions retrieved from independent analyses of spectropolarimetric observations in the near-infrared (1.56 micron) and in the visible (630 nm) at internetwork regions. In order to…
Using the data observed by the Solar Optical Telescope/Spectro-Polarimeter aboard the Hinode satellite, the horizontal and vertical fields are derived from the wavelength-integrated measures of Zeeman-induced linear and circular…
We analyze Fe I 630 nm observations of the quiet Sun at disk center taken with the spectropolarimeter of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite. A significant fraction of the scanned area, including granules, turns out to…
We present results from the analysis of Fe I 630 nm measurements of the quiet Sun taken with the spectropolarimeter of the Hinode satellite. Two data sets with noise levels of 1.2{\times}10-3 and 3{\times}10-4 are employed. We determine the…
We study the emergence of magnetic flux at very small spatial scales (less than 2 arcsec) in the quiet Sun internetwork. To this aim, a time series of spectropolarimetric maps was taken at disk center using the instrument SP/SOT on board…
Recent observations with the HINODE satellite have found abundant horizontal magnetic fields in the internetwork quiet Sun. We compare the results on the horizontal fields with ground-based observations. We obtained 30 sec-integrated data…
Although the magnetic fields in the quiet Sun account for the majority of the magnetic energy in the solar photosphere, inferring their exact spatial distribution, origin, and evolution poses an important challenge because the signals lie…
Solar inter-network magnetic field is the weakest component of solar magnetism, but contributes most of the solar surface magnetic flux. The study on its origin has been constrained by the inadequate tempo-spatial resolution and sensitivity…
The ubiquitousness of solar inter-network horizontal magnetic field has been revealed by the space-borne observations with high spatial resolution and polarization sensitivity. However, no consensus has been achieved on the origin of the…
Small-scale internetwork (IN) magnetic fields are considered to be the main building blocks of the quiet Sun magnetism. For this reason, it is crucial to understand how they appear on the solar surface. Here, we employ a high-resolution,…
We examine whether or not it is possible to derive the field strength distribution of quiet Sun internetwork regions from very high spatial resolution polarimetric observations in the visible. In particular, we consider the case of the…
Properties of magnetic field in the internetwork regions are still fairly unknown due to rather weak spectropolarimetric signals. We address the matter by using the 2D inversion code that is able to retrieve the information on smallest…
In the past, spectropolarimetric data from Hinode/SP has been employed to infer the distribution of the magnetic field vector in the quiet Sun. While some authors have found predominantly horizontal magnetic fields, others favor an…
We investigate the vertical gradient of the magnetic field of sunspots in the photospheric layer. Independent observations were obtained with the SOT/SP onboard the Hinode spacecraft and with the TIP-2 mounted at the VTT. We apply…
We studied the properties of internetwork magnetic fields in the solar photosphere taking advantage of full-disk Stokes $V/I$ maps of the \ion{Fe}{1} 1564.8 nm line, which were obtained during 2010--2019. In contrast to most of the previous…
We describe a new form of small-scale magnetic flux emergence in the quiet Sun. This process seems to take vertical magnetic fields from the solar interior to the photosphere, where they appear above granular convection cells. High-cadence…
The magnetic network observed on the solar surface harbors a sizable fraction of the total quiet Sun flux. However, its origin and maintenance are not well known. Here we investigate the contribution of internetwork magnetic fields to the…
Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the surface layers of the Sun intrinsically produce a predominantly horizontal magnetic field in the photosphere. This is a robust result in the sense that it arises from simulations with…