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A well studied problem in algebraic complexity theory is the determination of the complexity of problems relying on evaluations of bilinear maps. One measure of the complexity of a bilinear map (or 3-tensor) is the optimal number of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Eimear Byrne , Giuseppe Cotardo

A tensor defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}$ has low analytic rank if the distribution of its values differs significantly from the uniform distribution. An order $d$ tensor has partition rank 1 if it can be written as a product of two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Oliver Janzer

We study the relationship between the commutative and the non-commutative rank of a linear matrix. We give examples that show that the ratio of the two ranks comes arbitrarily close to 2. Such examples can be used for giving lower bounds…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-06-22 Harm Derksen , Visu Makam

These lecture notes are intended as an introduction to several notions of tensor rank and their connections to the asymptotic complexity of matrix multiplication. The latter is studied with the exponent of matrix multiplication, which will…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-01 Giorgio Ottaviani , Philipp Reichenbach

We show that the border support rank of the tensor corresponding to two-by-two matrix multiplication is seven over the complex numbers. We do this by constructing two polynomials that vanish on all complex tensors with format…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Markus Bläser , Matthias Christandl , Jeroen Zuiddam

In this paper, we define the minimum (maximum) rank, term rank and the sign nonsingular of tensors. The sufficiency and necessity for the minimum rank of a real tensor to be $1$ is given. And we show that the maximum rank of a tensor is not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-24 Changjiang Bu , Wenzhe Wang , Lizhu Sun , Jiang Zhou

The determination of the maximal ranks of a set of a given type of tensors is a basic problem both in theory and application. In statistical applications, the maximal rank is related to the number of necessary parameters to be built in a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2008-08-21 Toshio Sakata , Toshio Sumi , Mitsuhiro Miyazaki

In this article the notion of the nondecreasing (ND) rank of a matrix or tensor is introduced. A tensor has an ND rank of r if it can be represented as a sum of r outer products of vectors, with each vector satisfying a monotonicity…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Andrew McCormack

There has been continued interest in seeking a theorem describing optimal low-rank approximations to tensors of order 3 or higher, that parallels the Eckart-Young theorem for matrices. In this paper, we argue that the naive approach to this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2008-04-01 Vin de Silva , Lek-Heng Lim

A tensor is a multi-way array that can represent, in addition to a data set, the expression of a joint law or a multivariate function. As such it contains the description of the interactions between the variables corresponding to each of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Alain Franc

We give constructions of n^k x n^k x n tensors of rank at least 2n^k - O(n^(k-1)). As a corollary we obtain an [n]^r shaped tensor with rank at least 2n^(r/2) - O(n^(r/2)-1) when r is odd. The tensors are constructed from a simple recursive…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-02-11 Benjamin Weitz

We establish lower bounds on the rank of matrices in which all but the diagonal entries lie in a multiplicative group of small rank. Applying these bounds we show that the distance sets of finite pointsets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ generate high…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-03 Noga Alon , Jozsef Solymosi

Border complexity measures are defined via limits (or topological closures), so that any function which can approximated arbitrarily closely by low complexity functions itself has low border complexity. Debordering is the task of proving an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pranjal Dutta , Fulvio Gesmundo , Christian Ikenmeyer , Gorav Jindal , Vladimir Lysikov

We provide new upper and lower bounds on the minimum possible ratio of the spectral and Frobenius norms of a (partially) symmetric tensor. In the particular case of general tensors our result recovers a known upper bound. For symmetric…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Khazhgali Kozhasov , Josué Tonelli-Cueto

We introduce an elementary method to study the border rank of polynomials and tensors, analogous to the apolarity lemma. This can be used to describe the border rank of all cases uniformly, including those very special ones that resisted a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-10 Weronika Buczyńska , Jarosław Buczyński

Though algebraic geometry over $\mathbb C$ is often used to describe the closure of the tensors of a given size and complex rank, this variety includes tensors of both smaller and larger rank. Here we focus on the $n\times n\times n$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-11-16 Elizabeth S. Allman , Peter D. Jarvis , John A. Rhodes , Jeremy G. Sumner

Under the action of the general linear group with tensor structure, the ranks of matrices $A$ and $B$ forming an $m \times n$ pencil $A + \lambda B$ can change, but in a restricted manner. Specifically, with every pencil one can associate a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-06-20 José Henrique de Morais Goulart , Pierre Comon

The tensor network variety is a variety of tensors associated to a graph and a set of positive integer weights on its edges, called bond dimensions. We determine an upper bound on the dimension of the tensor network variety. A refined upper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Alessandra Bernardi , Claudia De Lazzari , Fulvio Gesmundo

It is well-known that tensor decompositions show separations, that is, that constraints on local terms (such as positivity) may entail an arbitrarily high cost in their representation. Here we show that many of these separations disappear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-03 Gemma De las Cuevas , Andreas Klingler , Tim Netzer

In this paper, we prove new relations between the bias of multilinear forms, the correlation between multilinear forms and lower degree polynomials, and the rank of tensors over $GF(2)= \{0,1\}$. We show the following results for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Abhishek Bhrushundi , Prahladh Harsha , Pooya Hatami , Swastik Kopparty , Mrinal Kumar