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A Hopfield network is an auto-associative, distributive model of neural memory storage and retrieval. A form of error-correcting code, the Hopfield network can learn a set of patterns as stable points of the network dynamic, and retrieve…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-07-24 Ila Fiete , David J. Schwab , Ngoc M. Tran

At its core, Quantum Mechanics is a theory developed to describe fundamental observations in the spectroscopy of solids and gases. Despite these practical roots, however, quantum theory is infamous for being highly counterintuitive, largely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-20 Emmanuel Flurin , Leigh S. Martin , Shay Hacohen-Gourgy , Irfan Siddiqi

Dense Associative Memories or Modern Hopfield Networks have many appealing properties of associative memory. They can do pattern completion, store a large number of memories, and can be described using a recurrent neural network with a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Dmitry Krotov

A set of fixed points of the Hopfield type neural network is under investigation. Its connection matrix is constructed with regard to the Hebb rule from a highly symmetric set of the memorized patterns. Depending on the external parameter…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Leonid B. Litinsky

In this work, we first revise some extensions of the standard Hopfield model in the low storage limit, namely the correlated attractor case and the multitasking case recently introduced by the authors. The former case is based on a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2012-05-23 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Andrea De Antoni , Andrea Galluzzi

A specific type of neural network, the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), is implemented for classification and feature detection in machine learning. RBM is characterized by separate layers of visible and hidden units, which are able to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2012-01-11 Adriano Barra , Alberto Bernacchia , Enrica Santucci , Pierluigi Contucci

This paper was presented in poster form at and in the proceedings of the QCMC 2008. It is a summary of a fuller paper to appear separately. The classical product state capacity of a noisy quantum channel with memory is investigated. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-16 I. Akhalwaya , J. Wouters , M. Fannes , F. Petruccione

Neural network models capable of storing memory have been extensively studied in computer science and computational neuroscience. The Hopfield network is a prototypical example of a model designed for associative, or content-addressable,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-24 Marco Cafiso , Paolo Paradisi

Understanding the memory capacity of neural networks remains a challenging problem in implementing artificial intelligence systems. In this paper, we address the notion of capacity with respect to Hopfield networks and propose a dynamic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Saarthak Sarup , Mingoo Seok

Quantum systems interacting with an unknown environment are notoriously difficult to model, especially in presence of non-Markovian and non-perturbative effects. Here we introduce a neural network based approach, which has the mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Leonardo Banchi , Edward Grant , Andrea Rocchetto , Simone Severini

The state space of a conventional Hopfield network typically exhibits many different attractors of which only a small subset satisfy constraints between neurons in a globally optimal fashion. It has recently been demonstrated that combining…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-09-02 Alexander Woodward , Tom Froese , Takashi Ikegami

Even the most sophisticated artificial neural networks are built by aggregating substantially identical units called neurons. A neuron receives multiple signals, internally combines them, and applies a non-linear function to the resulting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-01 Yudong Cao , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Animals rely on different decision strategies when faced with ambiguous or uncertain cues. Depending on the context, decisions may be biased towards events that were most frequently experienced in the past, or be more explorative. A…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-10 Younes Bouhadjar , Dirk J. Wouters , Markus Diesmann , Tom Tetzlaff

We introduce a three-dimensional vectorial extension of the Hopfield associative-memory model in which each neuron is a unit vector on $S^2$ and synaptic couplings are $3\times 3$ blocks generated through a vectorial Hebbian rule. The…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-10 F. Gallavotti , A. Zaccone

In Hopfield-type associative memory models, memories are stored in the connectivity matrix and can be retrieved subsequently thanks to the collective dynamics of the network. In these models, the retrieval of a particular memory can be…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-21 Marco Benedetti , Nicolas Brunel , Enzo Marinari , Ulises Pereira Obilinovic

Associative memory models such as the Hopfield network and its dense generalizations with higher-order interactions exhibit a "blackout catastrophe" -- a discontinuous transition where stable memory states abruptly vanish when the number of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-03-24 David G. Clark

We investigate dense higher-order associative memories in the high storage regime when the stored patterns are biased, namely when the entries of the patterns are not symmetrically distributed around zero. In this setting, the standard…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-06 Linda Albanese , Andrea Alessandrelli , Federico Carella

Models of interacting complex systems provide the fundamental statistical physics reference frame for the study and the understanding of associative memories, machine learning, and the dynamics of neural networks. On the other hand,…

A modern challenge of Artificial Intelligence is learning multiple patterns at once (i.e.parallel learning). While this can not be accomplished by standard Hebbian associative neural networks, in this paper we show how the Multitasking…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-02-21 Elena Agliari , Andrea Alessandrelli , Adriano Barra , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

In \cite{Hop82}, Hopfield introduced a \emph{Hebbian} learning rule based neural network model and suggested how it can efficiently operate as an associative memory. Studying random binary patterns, he also uncovered that, if a small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-05 Mihailo Stojnic
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