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Quantum computing allows for the potential of significant advancements in both the speed and the capacity of widely used machine learning techniques. Here we employ quantum algorithms for the Hopfield network, which can be used for pattern…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Patrick Rebentrost , Thomas R. Bromley , Christian Weedbrook , Seth Lloyd

Associative memory, a form of content-addressable memory, facilitates information storage and retrieval in many biological and physical systems. In statistical mechanics models, associative memory at equilibrium is represented through…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-03-08 Agnish Kumar Behera , Madan Rao , Srikanth Sastry , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

The Hopfield recurrent neural network is a classical auto-associative model of memory, in which collections of symmetrically-coupled McCulloch-Pitts neurons interact to perform emergent computation. Although previous researchers have…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-06-09 Christopher Hillar , Ngoc M. Tran

We present a Hopfield-like autoassociative network for memories representing examples of concepts. Each memory is encoded by two activity patterns with complementary properties. The first is dense and correlated across examples within…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-28 Louis Kang , Taro Toyoizumi

Forming accurate memory of sequential stimuli is a fundamental function of biological agents. However, the computational mechanism underlying sequential memory in the brain remains unclear. Inspired by neuroscience theories and recent…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-27 Mufeng Tang , Helen Barron , Rafal Bogacz

We study a class of Hopfield models where the memories are represented by a mixture of Gaussian and binary variables and the neurons are Ising spins. We study the properties of this family of models as the relative weight of the two kinds…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-09-29 Luca Leuzzi , Alberto Patti , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

Associative memory retrieves complete patterns from partial or corrupted inputs and constitutes a primitive form of generative inference. Classical Hopfield networks (CHN) provide a canonical framework for associative memory but suffer from…

Associative memory models are content-addressable memory systems fundamental to biological intelligence and are notable for their high interpretability. However, existing models evaluate the quality of retrieval based on proximity, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shurong Wang , Yuqi Pan , Zhuoyang Shen , Meng Zhang , Hongwei Wang , Guoqi Li

Quantum neural networks form one pillar of the emergent field of quantum machine learning. Here, quantum generalisations of classical networks realizing associative memories - capable of retrieving patterns, or memories, from corrupted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Lukas Bödeker , Eliana Fiorelli , Markus Müller

Many models used in artificial intelligence and cognitive science rely on multi-element patterns stored in "slots" - dedicated storage locations - in a digital computer. As biological brains likely lack slots, we consider how they might…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shaunak Bhandarkar , James L. McClelland

The Hopfield network (HN) is a classical model of associative memory whose dynamics are closely related to the Ising spin system with 2-body interactions. Stored patterns are encoded as minima of an energy function shaped by a Hebbian…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Marco Cafiso , Paolo Paradisi

We study a simple extended model of oscillator neural networks capable of storing sparsely coded phase patterns, in which information is encoded both in the mean firing rate and in the timing of spikes. Applying the methods of statistical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Masaki Nomura , Toshio Aoyagi

A large number of neural network models of associative memory have been proposed in the literature. These include the classical Hopfield networks (HNs), sparse distributed memories (SDMs), and more recently the modern continuous Hopfield…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Beren Millidge , Tommaso Salvatori , Yuhang Song , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Rafal Bogacz

The Hopfield model is a pioneering neural network model with associative memory retrieval. The analytical solution of the model in mean field limit revealed that memories can be retrieved without any error up to a finite storage capacity of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-10-31 Do-Hyun Kim , Jinha Park , B. Kahng

The Hopfield model provides a mathematically idealized yet insightful framework for understanding the mechanisms of memory storage and retrieval in the human brain. This model has inspired four decades of extensive research on learning and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-14 Simone Betteti , Giacomo Baggio , Francesco Bullo , Sandro Zampieri

We consider the class of Hopfield models of associative memory with activation function $F$ and state space $\{-1,1\}^N$, where each vertex of the cube describes a configuration of $N$ binary neurons. $M$ randomly chosen configurations,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Véronique Gayrard

In this work we study a Hebbian neural network, where neurons are arranged according to a hierarchical architecture such that their couplings scale with their reciprocal distance. As a full statistical mechanics solution is not yet…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-01-26 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Andrea Galluzzi , Francesco Guerra , Daniele Tantari , Flavia Tavani

The Hopfield neural networks and the holographic neural networks are models which were successfully simulated on conventional computers. Starting with these models, an analogous fundamental quantum information processing system is developed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mitja Perus , Horst Bischof

It has been shown that a neural network model recently proposed to describe basic memory performance is based on a ternary/binary coding/decoding algorithm which leads to a new neural network assembly memory model (NNAMM) providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Petro M. Gopych

Qubit networks with long-range interactions inspired by the Hebb rule can be used as quantum associative memories. Starting from a uniform superposition, the unitary evolution generated by these interactions drives the network through a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Cristina Diamantini , Carlo A. Trugenberger