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We investigate the orbital evolution of planetesimals in the inner disk in the presence of nebula gas and a (proto-) cold Jupiter. By varying the mass, eccentricity, and semi-major axis of the planet, we study the dependence of the relative…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-26 Kangrou Guo , Eiichiro Kokubo

We study the relationship of zonal gravity coefficients, J_2n, zonal winds, and axial moment of inertia (MoI) by constructing models for the interiors of giant planets. We employ the nonperturbative concentric Maclaurin spheroid (CMS)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-10 Burkhard Militzer , William B. Hubbard

Deciphering the structure of the circumplanetary disk that surrounded Jupiter at the end of its formation is key to understanding how the Galilean moons formed. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations have shown that this disk was…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-22 Antoine Schneeberger , Olivier Mousis

The interaction between a planet located in the inner region of a disc and the warped outer region is studied. We consider the stage of evolution after the planet has cleared-out a gap, so that the planetary orbit evolves only under the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Caroline Terquem

The orbital parameters of the observed extrasolar planets differ strongly from those of our own solar system. The differences include planets with high masses, small semi-major axis and large eccentricities. We performed numerical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wilhelm Kley

We review the interior structure and evolution of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and giant exoplanets with particular emphasis on constraining their global composition. Compared to the first edition of this review, we provide a new…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Tristan Guillot , Daniel Gautier

We provide a brief review of many aspects of the planetary physics of hot Jupiters. Our aim is to cover most of the major areas of current study while providing the reader with additional references for more detailed follow-up. We first…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Jonathan J. Fortney , Rebekah I. Dawson , Thaddeus D. Komacek

Previous studies have shown that planets that rotate retrograde (backwards with respect to their orbital motion) generally experience less severe obliquity variations than those that rotate prograde (the same direction as their orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-09 Steven M. Kreyche , Jason W. Barnes , Billy L. Quarles , Jack J. Lissauer , John E. Chambers , Matthew M. Hedman

The process of tidal dissipation inside Jupiter is not yet understood. Its tidal quality factor ($Q$) is inferred to lie between $10^5$ and $10^6$. We examine effects of inertial-modes on tidal dissipation in a neutrally bouyant, core-less,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yanqin Wu

Jupiter's gravity field observed by NASA's Juno spacecraft indicates that the density in the 10--100 GPa region is lower than one would expect from a H/He adiabat with 0.5-5x solar water abundance as has been observationally inferred in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-02 Nadine Nettelmann , Jonathan J. Fortney

The discovery of Jupiter-mass planets in close orbits about their parent stars has challenged models of planet formation. Recent observations have shown that a number of these planets have highly inclined, sometimes retrograde orbits about…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 James Guillochon , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , Douglas N. C. Lin

Exoplanet discoveries over recent years have shown that terrestrial planets are exceptionally common. Many of these planets are in compact systems that result in complex orbital dynamics. A key step toward determining the surface conditions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-11 Stephen R. Kane , Stephanie M. Torres

We describe the current state of knowledge about Mercury's interior structure. We review the available observational constraints, including mass, size, density, gravity field, spin state, composition, and tidal response. These data enable…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-11 Jean-Luc Margot , Steven A. Hauck , Erwan Mazarico , Sebastiano Padovan , Stanton J. Peale

The high-precision Juno gravitational measurements allow us to infer the structure of Jupiter's deep atmospheric zonal flow. Since this inference is nonunique, it is important to explore the space of possible solutions. In this paper, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-03 Laura Kulowski , Hao Cao , Rakesh K. Yadav , Jeremy Bloxham

Tidal heating is often used to interpret "radius anomaly" of hot Jupiters (i.e. radii of a large fraction of hot Jupiters are in excess of 1.2 Jupiter radius which cannot be interpreted by the standard theory of planetary evolution). In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 Qiang Hou , Xing Wei

Jupiter's dynamics shapes its cloud patterns but remains largely unknown below this natural observational barrier. Unraveling the underlying three-dimensional flows is thus a primary goal for NASA's ongoing Juno mission that was launched in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-24 Daphné Lemasquerier , Giulio Facchini , Benjamin Favier , Michael Le Bars

Efforts to characterize extrasolar giant planet (EGP) atmospheres have so far emphasized planets within 0.05 AU of their stars. Despite this focus, known EGPs populate a continuum of orbital separations from canonical hot Jupiter values…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-12 Adam P. Showman , Nikole K. Lewis , Jonathan J. Fortney

The population of hot Jupiters with adjacent planetary companions is small but growing, and inner companions appear to be a nearly ubiquitous outcome within this subset of the exoplanet census. While most hot Jupiters are believed to form…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-16 Devansh Mathur , Juliette Becker

Understanding Jupiter's zonal winds is crucial to unraveling the dynamics of its atmosphere. Over the last decades, multiple data sources and techniques have been used to study zonal winds in Jupiter. Here, we develop a correlation-based…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Shenghan Ma , Yuming Wang , Tao Li , Quanhao Zhang , Jiajia Liu , Ruobing Zheng

Differential rotation is central to a great many mysteries in stars and planets. In Part I we predicted the order of magnitude and scaling of the differential rotation in both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic convection zones. Our…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Adam S. Jermyn , Shashikumar M. Chitre , Pierre Lesaffre , Christopher A. Tout