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A fundamental problem in quantum information is to describe efficiently multipartite quantum states. An efficient representation in terms of graphs exists for several families of quantum states (graph, cluster, stabilizer states),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-04 Radu Ionicioiu , Tim P. Spiller

Quantum Error-Correcting Codes (QECCs) play a crucial role in enhancing the robustness of quantum computing and communication systems against errors. Within the realm of QECCs, stabilizer codes, and specifically graph codes, stand out for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Zipeng Wu , Song Cheng , Bei Zeng

We present a computational framework based on geometric structures. No quantum mechanics is involved, and yet the algorithms perform tasks analogous to quantum computation. Tensor products and entangled states are not needed -- they are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Diederik Aerts , Marek Czachor

This paper introduces a symbolic calculus to evaluate the output signals at the target line(s) of quantum computing subcircuits using controlled negations and controlled-Q gates, where Q represents the k-th root of [0 1; 1 0], the unitary…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Fatima Hadjam , Claudio Moraga

The ZX-Calculus is a powerful graphical language for quantum mechanics and quantum information processing. The completeness of the language -- i.e. the ability to derive any true equation -- is a crucial question. In the quest of a complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-27 Emmanuel Jeandel , Simon Perdrix , Renaud Vilmart , Quanlong Wang

The main purpose of thispaper is to show that composite quantum-like (QL) systems can closely mimic the separable states of quantum systems, and that suitable physical systems exhibiting these states exist. It is shown that QL graphs can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Gregory D. Scholes

We introduce the LOv-calculus, a graphical language for reasoning about linear optical quantum circuits with so-called vacuum state auxiliary inputs. We present the axiomatics of the language and prove its soundness and completeness: two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Alexandre Clément , Nicolas Heurtel , Shane Mansfield , Simon Perdrix , Benoît Valiron

A catalysis state is a quantum state that is used to make some desired operation possible or more efficient, while not being consumed in the process. Recent years have seen catalysis used in state-of-the-art protocols for implementing magic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Aleks Kissinger , Neil J. Ross , John van de Wetering

Unitary fusion categories formalise the algebraic theory of topological quantum computation. These categories come naturally enriched in a subcategory of the category of Hilbert spaces, and by looking at this subcategory, one can identify a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Fatimah Rita Ahmadi , Aleks Kissinger

String diagrams turn algebraic equations into topological moves that have recurring shapes, involving the sliding of one diagram past another. We individuate, at the root of this fact, the dual nature of polygraphs as presentations of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-28 Amar Hadzihasanovic

Geometric and holonomic quantum computation utilizes intrinsic geometric properties of quantum-mechanical state spaces to realize quantum logic gates. Since both geometric phases and quantum holonomies are global quantities depending only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Jiang Zhang , Thi Ha Kyaw , Stefan Filipp , Leong-Chuan Kwek , Erik Sjöqvist , Dianmin Tong

A geometrical approach to quantum computation is presented, where a non-abelian connection is introduced in order to rewrite the evolution operator of an energy degenerate system as a holonomic unitary. For a simple geometrical model we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jiannis Pachos

Quantum computation has suggested new forms of quantum logic, called quantum computational logics. The basic semantic idea is the following: the meaning of a sentence is identified with a quregister, a system of qubits, representing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. L. Dalla Chiara , R. Giuntini , R. Leporini

Diagrammatic representations of quantum algorithms and circuits offer novel approaches to their design and analysis. In this work, we describe extensions of the ZX-calculus especially suitable for parameterized quantum circuits, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Tobias Stollenwerk , Stuart Hadfield

Quantum programs today are written at a low level of abstraction - quantum circuits akin to assembly languages - and the unitary parts of even advanced quantum programming languages essentially function as circuit description languages.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chris Heunen , Louis Lemonnier , Christopher McNally , Alex Rice

Universal and complete graphical languages have been successfully designed for pure state quantum mechanics, corresponding to linear maps between Hilbert spaces, and mixed states quantum mechanics, corresponding to completely positive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Titouan Carette , Timothée Hoffreumon , Émile Larroque , Renaud Vilmart

While multipartite quantum states constitute a (if not the) key resource for quantum computations and protocols, obtaining a high-level, structural understanding of entanglement involving arbitrarily many qubits is a long-standing open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-18 Bob Coecke , Aleks Kissinger

We present a completely new approach to quantum circuit optimisation, based on the ZX-calculus. We first interpret quantum circuits as ZX-diagrams, which provide a flexible, lower-level language for describing quantum computations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Ross Duncan , Aleks Kissinger , Simon Perdrix , John van de Wetering

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for reasoning about quantum computing and quantum information theory. As a complete graphical language, it incorporates a set of axioms rich enough to derive any equation of the underlying formalism.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Boldizsár Poór , Razin A. Shaikh , Quanlong Wang

The commutation relations between the generalized Pauli operators of N-qudits (i. e., N p-level quantum systems), and the structure of their maximal sets of commuting bases, follow a nice graph theoretical/geometrical pattern. One may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Michel R. P. Planat , Metod Saniga