Related papers: Permanent magnets including undulators and wiggler…
This article aims at giving a general presentation of spintronics, an important field of research developing today along many new directions in physics of condensed matter. We tried to present simply the physical phenomena involved in…
Persistent currents and magnetization are considered for a two-dimensional electron (or gas of electrons) coupled to various magnetic fields. Thermodynamic formulae for the magnetization and the persistent current are established and the…
Amongst the various fascinating types of material behavior featured by magnetic gels and elastomers are magnetostrictive effects. That is, deformations in shape or changes in volume are induced from outside by external magnetic fields.…
The magnetic field is traditionally presented as a (pseudo)vector quantity, tied closely to the cross product. Though familiar to experts, many students find these ideas challenging and full of subtleties. Building on earlier work in…
This paper introduces the requirements for power converters needed for particle accelerators. It describes the role of power converters and the challenges and constraints when powering magnets. The different circuit layouts are presented as…
Permanent magnets are fascinating. They generate magnetic field and act as the key component in compasses, motors, speakers for practical applications. They are also made into magnetic toys for entertainment and education with magical…
It is shown that the magnetic-field coils of a stellarator can, at least in principle, be substantially simplified by the use of permanent magnets. Such magnets cannot create toroidal magnetic flux but they can be used to shape the plasma…
The terahertz FEL ferromagnetic undulator has been created. The length of the undulator period is 9cm, number of the periods is 27. By means of selection and redistribution of magnetic elements the spread of amplitudes of the magnetic field…
Magnetism is very important in science and technology, from magnetic recording to energy generation to trapping cold atoms. Physicists have managed to master magnetism - to create and manipulate magnetic fields- almost at will.…
We describe the design, assembly, and testing of a magnet intended to deflect beams of paramagnetic nanoclusters, molecules, and atoms. It is energized by high-grade permanent neodymium magnets. This offers a convenient option in terms of…
High intensity laser driven proton beams are at present receiving much attention. The reasons for this are many but high on the list is the potential to produce compact accelerators. However two of the limitations of this technology is that…
Permanent Magnet multipoles (PMM) are widely used in accelerators to either focus particle beams or confine plasma in ion sources. The real magnetic field created by PMM is calculated by magnetic field simulation software and then used in…
Magnetars are the strongest magnets in the present universe and the combination of extreme magnetic field, gravity and density makes them unique laboratories to probe current physical theories (from quantum electrodynamics to general…
When magnets are fashioned into nanoscale elements, they exhibit a wide variety of phenomena replete with rich physics and the lure of tantalizing applications. In this topical review, we discuss some of these phenomena, especially those…
Superconducting materials hold great potential to bring radical changes for electric power and high-field magnet technology , enabling high-efficiency electric power generation, high-capacity lossless electric power transmission, small…
In this article we give a general survey of the main properties of magnetic oxides - mostly the oxides of transition metals, but sometime also containing rare earths ions. This is a very rich class of materials, among which there are…
This paper covers the main eddy current effects in accelerator magnets - field modification (time delay and field quality) and resistive power losses. In the first part, starting from the Maxwell equations, a basic understanding of the…
The development of permanent magnets containing less or no rare-earth elements is linked to profound knowledge of the coercivity mechanism. Prerequisites for a promising permanent magnet material are a high spontaneous magnetization and a…
High gradient quadrupoles are necessary for different applications such as laser plasma acceleration, colliders, and diffraction limited light sources. Permanent magnet quadrupoles provide a higher field strength and compactness than…
Magnets are key materials for the electrification of mobility and also for the generation and transformation of electric energy. Research and development in recent decades lead to high performance magnets, which require a finely tuned…