Related papers: Randomizing world trade. I. A binary network analy…

I start by reviewing some basic properties of random graphs. I then consider the role of random walks in complex networks and show how they may be used to explain why so many long tailed distributions are found in real data sets. The key…

Among the proposed network models, the hidden variable (or good get richer) one is particularly interesting, even if an explicit empirical test of its hypotheses has not yet been performed on a real network. Here we provide the first…

Food security is a critical issue closely linked to human being. With the increasing demand for food, international trade has become the main access to supplementing domestic food shortages, which not only alleviates local food shocks, but…

In recent years, methods from network science are gaining rapidly interest in economics and finance. A reason for this is that in a globalized world the interconnectedness among economic and financial entities are crucial to understand and…

Spatially embedded networks are shaped by a combination of purely topological (space-independent) and space-dependent formation rules. While it is quite easy to artificially generate networks where the relative importance of these two…

Globalization has rapidly advanced but exposed countries to supply chain disruptions, highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study exhaustively analyzes bilateral export data for 186 countries from 2018, 2020, and 2022, using…

Node properties and node importance identification of networks have been vastly studied in the last decades. While in this work, we analyse the links' properties of networks by taking the Worldwide Marine Transport Network (WMTN) as an…

The application of the network approach to the urban case poses several questions in terms of how to deal with metric distances, what kind of graph representation to use, what kind of measures to investigate, how to deepen the correlation…

We review the main tools which allow for the statistical characterization of weighted networks. We then present two case studies, the airline connection network and the scientific collaboration network, which are representative of critical…

Complex networks are often used to represent systems that are not static but grow with time: people make new friendships, new papers are published and refer to the existing ones, and so forth. To assess the statistical significance of…

This paper presents a review of instantaneously trained neural networks (ITNNs). These networks trade learning time for size and, in the basic model, a new hidden node is created for each training sample. Various versions of the…

In principle, the rules of links formation of a network model can be considered as a kind of link prediction algorithm. By revisiting the preferential attachment mechanism for generating a scale-free network, here we propose a class of…

Patterns often appear in a variety of large, real-world networks, and interesting physical phenomena are often explained by network topology as in the case of the bow-tie structure of the World Wide Web, or the small world phenomenon in…

Represented as graphs, real networks are intricate combinations of order and disorder. Fixing some of the structural properties of network models to their values observed in real networks, many other properties appear as statistical…

A generalization of modularity, called block modularity, is defined. This is a quality function which evaluates a label assignment against an arbitrary block pattern. Therefore, unlike standard modularity or its variants, arbitrary network…

The network metaphor in the analysis of urban and territorial cases has a long tradition especially in transportation/land-use planning and economic geography. More recently, urban design has brought its contribution by means of the "space…

The maritime shipping network is the backbone of global trade. Data about the movement of cargo through this network comes in various forms, from ship-level Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, to aggregated bilateral trade volume…

The recent high level of interest in weighted complex networks gives rise to a need to develop new measures and to generalize existing ones to take the weights of links into account. Here we focus on various generalizations of the…

We present empirical evidence that land values are scale-free and introduce a network model that reproduces the observations. The network approach to urban modelling is based on the assumption that the market dynamics that generates land…

The topology of many real complex networks has been conjectured to be embedded in hidden metric spaces, where distances between nodes encode their likelihood of being connected. Besides of providing a natural geometrical interpretation of…