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We survey some recent progress on understanding when one four-dimensional symplectic manifold can be symplectically embedded into another. In 2010, McDuff established a number-theoretic criterion for the existence of a symplectic embedding…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-07-13 Michael Hutchings

In this note we show that one open four dimensional ellipsoid embeds symplectically into another if and only the ECH capacities of the first are no larger than those of the second. This proves a conjecture due to Hofer. The argument uses…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-03-02 Dusa McDuff

ECH capacities give obstructions to symplectically embedding one symplectic four-manifold with boundary into another. We compute the ECH capacities of a large family of symplectic four-manifolds with boundary, called "concave toric…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Keon Choi , Daniel Cristofaro-Gardiner , David Frenkel , Michael Hutchings , Vinicius G. B. Ramos

The ECH capacities are a sequence of numerical invariants of symplectic four-manifolds which give (sometimes sharp) obstructions to symplectic embeddings. These capacities are defined using embedded contact homology, and establishing their…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-10-12 Michael Hutchings

McDuff and Schlenk determined when a four-dimensional ellipsoid can be symplectically embedded into a four-dimensional ball, and found that when the ellipsoid is close to round, the answer is given by an "infinite staircase" determined by…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-08-12 D. Cristofaro-Gardiner , R. Hind

Recently, McDuff and Schlenk determined the function c_{EB}(a) whose value at a is the infimum of the size of a 4-ball into which the ellipsoid E(1,a) symplectically embeds (here, a >= 1 is the ratio of the area of the large axis to that of…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-10-09 David Frenkel , Dorothee Müller

Embedded contact homology gives a sequence of obstructions to four-dimensional symplectic embeddings, called ECH capacities. In "Symplectic embeddings into four-dimensional concave toric domains", the author, Choi, Frenkel, Hutchings and…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Dan Cristofaro-Gardiner

This paper calculates the function $c(a)$ whose value at $a$ is the infimum of the size of a ball that contains a symplectic image of the ellipsoid $E(1,a)$. (Here $a \ge 1$ is the ratio of the area of the large axis to that of the smaller…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-01-31 Dusa McDuff , Felix Schlenk

The ellipsoid embedding function of a symplectic four-manifold measures the amount by which its symplectic form must be scaled in order for it to admit an embedding of an ellipsoid of varying eccentricity. This function generalizes the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Caden Farley , Tara Holm , Nicki Magill , Jemma Schroder , Morgan Weiler , Zichen Wang , Elizaveta Zabelina

McDuff and Schlenk determined when a four-dimensional ellipsoid can be symplectically embedded into a ball, and found that part of the answer is given by an infinite "Fibonacci staircase." Similarly, Frenkel and M\"uller determined when a…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-05 Daniel Cristofaro-Gardiner , Aaron Kleinman

As has been known since the time of Gromov's Nonsqueezing Theorem, symplectic embedding questions lie at the heart of symplectic geometry. After surveying some of the most important ways of measuring the size of a symplectic set, these…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-10-14 Dusa McDuff

An influential result of McDuff and Schlenk asserts that the function that encodes when a four-dimensional symplectic ellipsoid can be embedded into a four-dimensional ball has a remarkable structure: the function has infinitely many…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Dan Cristofaro-Gardiner , Tara S. Holm , Alessia Mandini , Ana Rita Pires

ECH (embedded contact homology) capacities give obstructions to symplectically embedding one four-dimensional symplectic manifold with boundary into another. These obstructions are known to be sharp when the domain and target are ellipsoids…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-05-04 Michael Hutchings

McDuff and Schlenk have recently determined exactly when a four-dimensional symplectic ellipsoid symplectically embeds into a symplectic ball. Similarly, Frenkel and M\"uller have recently determined exactly when a symplectic ellipsoid…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-11-23 Max Timmons , Priera Panescu , Madeleine Burkhart

In a previous paper, the second author used embedded contact homology (ECH) of contact three-manifolds to define "ECH capacities" of four-dimensional symplectic manifolds. In the present paper we prove that for a four-dimensional Liouville…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-12-13 Daniel Cristofaro-Gardiner , Michael Hutchings , Vinicius Gripp Barros Ramos

We study symplectic embeddings of ellipsoids into balls. In the main construction, we show that a given embedding of 2m-dimensional ellipsoids can be suspended to embeddings of ellipsoids in any higher dimension. In dimension 6,s if the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-12-08 Olguta Buse , Richard Hind

We construct symplectic embeddings of ellipsoids of dimension $2n \ge 6$ into the product of a 4-ball or 4-dimensional cube with Euclidean space. A sequence of these embeddings can be shown to be optimal.

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Richard Hind

We show how to reduce the problem of symplectically embedding one 4-dimensional rational ellipsoid into another to a problem of embedding disjoint unions of balls into appropriate blow ups of \C P^2. For example, the problem of embedding…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2008-12-02 Dusa McDuff

Define a "Liouville domain" to be a compact exact symplectic manifold with contact-type boundary. We use embedded contact homology to assign to each four-dimensional Liouville domain (or subset thereof) a sequence of real numbers, which we…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-09-10 Michael Hutchings

The main goal of this paper is to give constructive proofs of several existence results for symplectic embeddings. The strong relation between symplectic packings and singular symplectic curves, which can be derived from McDuff's inflations…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-10-12 Emmanuel Opshtein
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