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Since the early work of Richard Stanley, it has been observed that several permutation statistics have a remarkable property with respect to shuffles of permutations. We formalize this notion of a shuffle-compatible permutation statistic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-13 Ira M. Gessel , Yan Zhuang

We review and extend previous results on coincidence of mesh patterns. We introduce the notion of a force on a permutation pattern and apply it to the coincidence classification of mesh patterns, completing the classification up to size…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Christian Bean , Bjarki Gudmundsson , Tomas Ken Magnusson , Henning Ulfarsson

Let $\pi_n$ be a uniformly chosen random permutation on $[n]$. The authors of [2] showed that the expected number of distinct consecutive patterns of all lengths $k\in\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ in $\pi_n$ was $\frac{n^2}{2}(1-o(1))$ as $n\to\infty$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Verónica Borrás-Serrano , Isabel Byrne , Anant Godbole , Nathaniel Veimau

We show that if a permutation statistic can be written as a linear combination of bivincular patterns, then its moments can be expressed as a linear combination of factorials with constant coefficients. This generalizes a result of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-21 Stoyan Dimitrov , Niraj Khare

Counting permutations of $[n]$ by the number of records, i.e. left-to-right maxima, is a classic problem in combinatorial enumeration. In the first volume of ``The Art of Computer Programming", Donald Knuth demonstrated its relevance for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Boris Pittel

We say that a permutation $\pi$ is a Motzkin permutation if it avoids 132 and there do not exist $a<b$ such that $\pi_a<\pi_b<\pi_{b+1}$. We study the distribution of several statistics in Motzkin permutations, including the length of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sergi Elizalde , Toufik Mansour

In this article, we study a non-uniform distribution on permutations biased by their number of records that we call \emph{record-biased permutations}. We give several generative processes for record-biased permutations, explaining also how…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Mathilde Bouvel , Cyril Nicaud , Carine Pivoteau

Define a permutation to be any sequence of distinct positive integers. Given two permutations p and s on disjoint underlying sets, we denote by p sh s the set of shuffles of p and s (the set of all permutations obtained by interleaving the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Duff Baker-Jarvis , Bruce Sagan

A formula of Stembridge states that the permutation peak polynomials and descent polynomials are connected via a quadratique transformation. The aim of this paper is to establish the cycle analogue of Stembridge's formula by using cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Bin Han , Jianxi Mao , Jiang Zeng

Packing density is a permutation occurrence statistic which describes the maximal number of permutations of a given type that can occur in another permutation. In this article we focus on containment of sets of permutations. Although this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexander Burstein , Peter Hästö

The extension of pattern avoidance from ordinary permutations to those on multisets gave birth to several interesting enumerative results. We study permutations on regular multisets, i.e., multisets in which each element occurs the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-21 Marie-Louise Bruner

We give a direct combinatorial proof of the equidistribution of two pairs of permutation statistics, (des, aid) and (lec, inv), which have been previously shown to have the same joint distribution as (exc, maj), the major index and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-18 Alexander Burstein

Understanding the metric structure of permutation families is fundamental to combinatorics and has applications in social choice theory, bioinformatics, and coding theory. We study permutation families defined by restriction…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Danylo Tymoshenko , Leonhard Nagel

Permutons, which are probability measures on the unit square $[0, 1]^2$ with uniform marginals, are the natural scaling limits for sequences of (random) permutations. We introduce a $d$-dimensional generalization of these measures for all…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-03 Jacopo Borga , Andrew Lin

In this paper we begin the first systematic study of distributions of simple marked mesh patterns. Mesh patterns were introduced recently by Br\"and\'en and Claesson in connection with permutation statistics. We provide explicit generating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-09 Sergey Kitaev , Jeffrey Remmel

Permutation Pattern Matching (or PPM) is a decision problem whose input is a pair of permutations $\pi$ and $\tau$, represented as sequences of integers, and the task is to determine whether $\tau$ contains a subsequence order-isomorphic to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-02 Vít Jelínek , Jan Kynčl

Given a permutation statistic $s : S_n \to \mathbb{R}$, define the mean statistic $\bar{s}$ as the statistic which computes the mean of $s$ over conjugacy classes. We describe a way to calculate the expected value of $s$ on a product of $t$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-04 Axel Hultman

A permutiple is a natural number whose representation in some base, $b>1$, is an integer multiple of a number whose base-$b$ representation has the same collection of digits. Previous efforts have made progress in finding such numbers using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Benjamin V. Holt

In 2000 Babson and Steingr{\'\i}msson introduced the notion of vincular patterns in permutations. They shown that essentially all well-known Mahonian permutation statistics can be written as combinations of such patterns. Also, they proved…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Vincent Vajnovszki

We set up a new notion of local convergence for permutations and we prove a characterization in terms of proportions of \emph{consecutive} pattern occurrences. We also characterize random limiting objects for this new topology introducing a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-20 Jacopo Borga