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We study statistical properties of the random variables $X_{\sigma}(\pi)$, the number of occurrences of the pattern $\sigma$ in the permutation $\pi$. We present two contrasting approaches to this problem: traditional probability theory and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-17 Svante Janson , Brian Nakamura , Doron Zeilberger

We present some results on the proportion of permutations of length $n$ containing certain mesh patterns as $n$ grows large, and give exact enumeration results in some cases. In particular, we focus on mesh patterns where entire rows and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Dejan Govc , Jason P. Smith

We study the expansions of permutation statistics in the basis of functions counting occurrences of a fixed pattern in a permutation. We show the finiteness of these pattern expansions for a class of permutation statistics including the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Ian Cavey , Hugh Dennin , Bridget Eileen Tenner

There is a deep connection between permutations and trees. Certain sub-structures of permutations, called sub-permutations, bijectively map to sub-trees of binary increasing trees. This opens a powerful tool set to study enumerative and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-02 Filippo Disanto , Thomas Wiehe

Permutation patterns and pattern avoidance are central, well-studied concepts in combinatorics and computer science. Given two permutations $\tau$ and $\pi$, the pattern matching problem (PPM) asks whether $\tau$ contains $\pi$. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Benjamin Aram Berendsohn

We study relationships between permutation statistics and pattern-functions, counting the number of times particular patterns occur in a permutation. This allows us to write several familiar statistics as linear combinations of pattern…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Yosef Berman , Bridget Eileen Tenner

A permutation $\sigma$ describing the relative orders of the first $n$ iterates of a point $x$ under a self-map $f$ of the interval $I=[0,1]$ is called an \emph{order pattern}. For fixed $f$ and $n$, measuring the points $x\in I$ (according…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-30 Aaron Abrams , Eric Babson , Henry Landau , Zeph Landau , James Pommersheim

Using techniques from Poisson approximation, we prove explicit error bounds on the number of permutations that avoid any pattern. Most generally, we bound the total variation distance between the joint distribution of pattern occurrences…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Harry Crane , Stephen DeSalvo

We define and study positional marked patterns, permutations $\tau$ where one of elements in $\tau$ is underlined. Given a permutation $\sigma$, we say that $\sigma$ has a $\tau$-match at position $i$ if $\tau$ occurs in $\sigma$ in such a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Sittipong Thamrongpairoj , Jeffrey B. Remmel

A consecutive pattern in a permutation $\pi$ is another permutation $\sigma$ determined by the relative order of a subsequence of contiguous entries of $\pi$. Traditional notions such as descents, runs and peaks can be viewed as particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-23 Sergi Elizalde

Mesh patterns are a generalization of classical permutation patterns that encompass classical, bivincular, Bruhat-restricted patterns, and some barred patterns. In this paper, we describe all mesh patterns whose avoidance is coincident with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-28 Bridget Eileen Tenner

We consider the well-studied pattern counting problem: given a permutation $\pi \in \mathbb{S}_n$ and an integer $k > 1$, count the number of order-isomorphic occurrences of every pattern $\tau \in \mathbb{S}_k$ in $\pi$. Our first result…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Gal Beniamini , Nir Lavee

For a set of permutation patterns $\Pi$, let $F^\text{st}_n(\Pi,q)$ be the st-polynomial of permutations avoiding all patterns in $\Pi$. Suppose $312\in\Pi$. For a class of permutation statistics which includes inversion and descent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-13 Wuttisak Trongsiriwat

This paper introduces the notion of mesh patterns in multidimensional permutations and initiates a systematic study of singleton mesh patterns (SMPs), which are multidimensional mesh patterns of length 1. A pattern is avoidable if there…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Sergey Avgustinovich , Sergey Kitaev , Jeffrey Liese , Vladimir Potapov , Anna Taranenko

We look at geometric limits of large random non-uniform permutations. We mainly consider two theories for limits of permutations: permuton limits, introduced by Hoppen, Kohayakawa, Moreira, Rath, and Sampaio to define a notion of scaling…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-22 Jacopo Borga

We derive a large deviation principle for random permutations induced by probability measures of the unit square, called permutons. These permutations are called $\mu$-random permutations. We also introduce and study a new general class of…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Jacopo Borga , Sayan Das , Sumit Mukherjee , Peter Winkler

We introduce a new boundedness condition for affine permutations, motivated by the fruitful concept of periodic boundary conditions in statistical physics. We study pattern avoidance in bounded affine permutations. In particular, we show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Neal Madras , Justin M. Troyka

We consider the question of computing the distribution of a permutation statistics over restricted permutations via enumeration schemes. The restricted permutations are those avoiding sets of vincular patterns (which include both classical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-03 Andrew M. Baxter

We define the \emph{occurrence graph} $G_p(\pi$) of a pattern $p$ in a permutation $\pi$ as the graph with the occurrences of $p$ in $\pi$ as vertices and edges between the vertices if the occurrences differ by exactly one element. We then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-14 Bjarni Jens Kristinsson , Henning Ulfarsson

Most Mahonian statistics can be expressed as a linear combination of vincular patterns. This is not only true with statistics on the permutation set, but it can also be applied for statistics on the permutation with repetition set. By…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Lien T. P. Ta , Huong T. T. Tran
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