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Reactive systems that operate in environments with complex data, such as mobile apps or embedded controllers with many sensors, are difficult to synthesize. Synthesis tools usually fail for such systems because the state space resulting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Bernd Finkbeiner , Felix Klein , Ruzica Piskac , Mark Santolucito

We study the reactive synthesis problem for hyperproperties given as formulas of the temporal logic HyperLTL. Hyperproperties generalize trace properties, i.e., sets of traces, to sets of sets of traces. Typical examples are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Bernd Finkbeiner , Christopher Hahn , Philip Lukert , Marvin Stenger , Leander Tentrup

Automating the translation of natural language (NL) software requirements into formal specifications remains a critical challenge in scaling formal verification practices to industrial settings, particularly in safety-critical domains.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zhi Ma , Cheng Wen , Zhexin Su , Xiao Liang , Cong Tian , Shengchao Qin , Mengfei Yang

While Golog is an expressive programming language to control the high-level behavior of a robot, it is often tedious to use on a real robotic system. On an actual robot, the user needs to consider low-level details, such as enabling and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Till Hofmann , Stefan Schupp

In many real-world applications of control system and robotics, linear temporal logic (LTL) is a widely-used task specification language which has a compositional grammar that naturally induces temporally extended behaviours across tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Duo Xu , Faramarz Fekri

Converting high-level tasks described by natural language into formal specifications like Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a key step towards providing formal safety guarantees over cyber-physical systems (CPS). While the compliance of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junle Li , Siqi Chen , Jiakai Li , Meiqi Tian , Bingzhuo Zhong

Existing approaches to the synthesis of reactive systems typically involve the construction of transition systems such as Mealy automata. However, in order to obtain a succinct representation of the desired system, structured programs can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-03-05 Benedikt Brütsch

We present Syntroids, a case study for the automatic synthesis of hardware from a temporal logic specification. Syntroids is a space shooter arcade game realized on an FPGA, where the control flow architecture has been completely specified…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Gideon Geier , Philippe Heim , Felix Klein , Bernd Finkbeiner

Recently, program synthesis driven by large language models (LLMs) has become increasingly popular. However, program synthesis for machine learning (ML) tasks still poses significant challenges. This paper explores a novel form of program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jinglue Xu , Jialong Li , Zhen Liu , Nagar Anthel Venkatesh Suryanarayanan , Guoyuan Zhou , Jia Guo , Hitoshi Iba , Kenji Tei

Temporal logic can be used to formally specify autonomous agent goals, but synthesizing planners that guarantee goal satisfaction can be computationally prohibitive. This paper shows how to turn goals specified using a subset of finite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Aadesh Neupane , Eric G Mercer , Michael A. Goodrich

Formal control of cyber-physical systems allows for synthesis of control strategies from rich specifications such as temporal logics. However, the classes of systems that the formal approaches can be applied to is limited due to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Irmak Saglam , Ebru Aydin Gol

We address the problem of synthesizing reactive controllers for cyber-physical systems subject to Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications in the presence of adversarial inputs. Given a finite horizon, we define a reactive hierarchy of…

We present an approach to automatically synthesize synchronized models from lightweight formal specifications. Our approach takes as input a specification of a distributed system along with a global linear time constraint, which must be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Pablo F. Castro , Luciano Putruele , Renzo Degiovanni , Nazareno Aguirre

This paper studies the control synthesis of motion planning subject to uncertainties. The uncertainties are considered in robot motions and environment properties, giving rise to the probabilistic labeled Markov decision process (PL-MDP). A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mingyu Cai , Shaoping Xiao , Zhijun Li , Zhen Kan

We propose a counterexample-guided inductive synthesis framework for the formal synthesis of closed-form sampled-data controllers for nonlinear systems to meet STL specifications over finite-time trajectories. Rather than stating the STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-23 Cees F. Verdier , Niklas Kochdumper , Matthias Althoff , Manuel Mazo

B\"uchi automata (BAs) recognize $\omega$-regular languages defined by formal specifications like linear temporal logic (LTL) and are commonly used in the verification of reactive systems. However, BAs face scalability challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Charles Pert , Dalal Alrajeh , Alessandra Russo

A characteristic sample for a language $L$ and a learning algorithm $\textbf{L}$ is a finite sample of words $T_L$ labeled by their membership in $L$ such that for any sample $T \supseteq T_L$ consistent with $L$, on input $T$ the learning…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Dana Angluin , Dana Fisman

Ensuring that agents satisfy safety specifications can be crucial in safety-critical environments. While methods exist for controller synthesis with safe temporal specifications, most existing methods restrict safe temporal specifications…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Gaspard Ohlmann , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

We extend previous work on symbolic self-triggered control for non-deterministic continuous-time nonlinear systems without stability assumptions to a larger class of specifications. Our goal is to synthesise a controller for two objectives:…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-21 Sasinee Pruekprasert , Clovis Eberhart , Jérémy Dubut

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito