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Evolution by Natural Selection is a process by which progeny inherit some properties from their progenitors with small variation. These properties are subject to Natural Selection and are called adaptive traits and carriers of the latter…
The standard deviations of the energy and Poynting power densities for an isotropic random field near a perfectly conducting planar boundary are characterized, based on quartic plane-wave expansions. For normal and transverse components,…
Detrended fluctuation analysis is used to investigate power law relationship between the monthly averages of the maximum daily temperatures for different locations in the western US. On the map created by the power law exponents, we can…
In brane-world models with low tension, massive branons are natural candidates for dark matter. The phenomenology of these WIMP-like particles is completely determined by their mass, the brane tension and, in the case of effects due to…
When the outcome of interest is semicontinuous and collected longitudinally, efficient testing can be difficult. Daily rainfall data is an excellent example which we use to illustrate the various challenges. Even under the simplest…
We consider stochastic processes where randomly chosen particles with positive quantities x, y (> 0) interact and exchange the quantities asymmetrically by the rule x' = c{(1-a) x + b y}, y' = d{a x + (1-b) y} (x \ge y), where (0 \le) a, b…
We describe a simple method that can be used to sample the rare fluctuations of discrete-time Markov chains. We focus on the case of Markov chains with well-defined steady-state measures, and derive expressions for the large-deviation rate…
We study an agent-based model of animals marking their territory and evading adversarial territory in one dimension, with respect to the distribution of the size of the resulting territories. In particular, we use sophisticated sampling…
The prediction and control of rare events is an important task in disciplines that range from physics and biology, to economics and social science. The Big Jump principle deals with a peculiar aspect of the mechanism that drives rare…
Violation of linearity of the King plot is investigated for a chain of partially stripped argon isotopes. The nonlinearity originates within the Standard Model from subtle contributions to the isotope shifts from next-to-leading order…
In this paper we present a formulation of the stochastic least action principle (SAP) to encompass random movements with black swan events (of non dissipative systems) in terms of heavy tailed distributions. The black swan events are rare…
We review from the point of view of nonextensive statistics the ubiquitous presence in elementary and heavy-ion collisions of power-law distributions. Special emphasis is placed on the conjecture that this is just a reflection of some…
We consider the consequences of having no prior knowledge of the true dark energy model for the interpretation of cosmological observations. The magnitude of redshift-space distortions and weak-lensing shear is determined by the metric on…
Strong violations of existing fluctuation theorems may arise in nonequilibrium steady states characterized by distributions with power-law tails. The ratio of the probabilities of positive and negative fluctuations of equal magnitude…
We discuss the constraints on the time-varying equation of state for dark energy and the curvature of the universe using observations of type Ia supernovae from Riess et al. and the most recent Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS), the baryon…
We investigate the relevance of {\sl self-organized criticality (SOC)} models in previously published empirical datasets, which includes statistical observations in astrophysics, geophysics, biophysics, sociophysics, and informatics. We…
Cosmology offers opportunities to test Dark Matter independently of its interactions with the Standard Model. We study the imprints of long-range forces acting solely in the dark sector on the distribution of galaxies, the so-called Large…
We derive exceedingly simple practical procedures revealing the quantum nature of states and measurements by the violation of classical upper bounds on the statistics of arbitrary measurements. Data analysis is minimum and definite…
The disorder and a simple convex measure of complexity are studied for rank ordered power law distributions, indicative of criticality, in the case where the total number of ranks is large. It is found that a power law distribution may…
The study of heavy-tailed distributions in economic and financial systems has been widely addressed since financial time series has become a research subject.After the eighties, several "highly improbable" market drops were observed (e.g.…