Related papers: Representations of Each Number Type that Differ by…
In some scientific fields, a scaling is able to modify the topology of an observed object. Our goal in the present work is to introduce a new formalism adapted to the mathematical representation of this kind of phenomenon. To this end, we…
Many aggregate distributions of urban activities such as city sizes reveal scaling but hardly any work exists on the properties of spatial distributions within individual cities, notwithstanding considerable knowledge about their fractal…
The performance of a language model has been shown to be effectively modeled as a power-law in its parameter count. Here we study the scaling behaviors of Routing Networks: architectures that conditionally use only a subset of their…
We investigate (2,1):1 structures, which consist of a countable set $A$ together with a function $f: A \to A$ such that for every element $x$ in $A$, $f$ maps either exactly one element or exactly two elements of $A$ to $x$. These…
For any length category, we establish a set of rules (necessary and sufficient) that ensure a partial order on the isomorphism classes of simple objects such that the category is equivalent to the category of finite dimensional…
Research done during the previous century established our Standard Cosmological Model. There are many details still to be filled in, but few would seriously doubt the basic premise. Past surveys have revealed that the large-scale…
We describe arithmetic computations in terms of operations on some well known free algebras (S1S, S2S and ordered rooted binary trees) while emphasizing the common structure present in all them when seen as isomorphic with the set of…
We study the structure of representations, defined as approximations of minimal sufficient statistics that are maximal invariants to nuisance factors, for visual data subject to scaling and occlusion of line-of-sight. We derive analytical…
The main problem we address in this paper is whether function determines form when a society of agents organizes itself for some purpose or whether the organizing method is more important than the functionality in determining the structure…
One common type of symmetry is when values are symmetric. For example, if we are assigning colours (values) to nodes (variables) in a graph colouring problem then we can uniformly interchange the colours throughout a colouring. For a…
We contribute to the program of extending computable structure theory to the realm of metric structures by investigating lowness for isometric isomorphism of metric structures. We show that lowness for isomorphism coincides with lowness for…
We continue the investigation of tabular algebras with trace (a certain class of associative ${\Bbb Z}[v, v^{-1}]$-algebras equipped with distinguished bases) by determining the extent to which the tabular structure may be recovered from a…
The Zipf's law establishes that if the words of a (large) text are ordered by decreasing frequency, the frequency versus the rank decreases as a power law with exponent close to $-1$. Previous work has stressed that this pattern arises from…
Inverse categories are categories in which every morphism x has a unique pseudo-inverse y in the sense that xyx=x and yxy=y. Persistence modules from topological data analysis and similarly decomposable category representations factor…
Symmetry plays a major role in subgraph matching both in the description of the graphs in question and in how it confounds the search process. This work addresses how to quantify these effects and how to use symmetries to increase the…
Protein structures are a very special class among all possible structures. It was suggested that a ``designability principle'' plays a crucial role in nature's selection of protein sequences and structures. Here we provide a theoretical…
A brief review is presented of the scaling of complex fluids, polymers and polyelectrolytes in solution and in confined geometry, in thermodynamical, structural and rheology properties using equilibrium and nonequilibrium dissipative…
The Turing degree spectrum of a countable structure $\mathcal{A}$ is the set of all Turing degrees of isomorphic copies of $\mathcal{A}$. The Turing degree of the isomorphism type of $\mathcal{A}$, if it exists, is the least Turing degree…
A topological monoid is isomorphic to an endomorphism monoid of a countable structure if and only if it is separable and has a compatible complete ultrametric such that composition from the left is non-expansive. We also give a topological…
Understanding cities is central to addressing major global challenges from climate and health to economic resilience. Although increasingly perceived as fundamental socio-economic units, the detailed fabric of urban economic activities is…