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Positional games are a mathematical class of two-player games comprising Tic-tac-toe and its generalizations. We propose a novel encoding of these games into Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBFs) such that a game instance admits a winning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Valentin Mayer-Eichberger , Abdallah Saffidine

Given an increasing graph property $\cal F$, the strong Avoider-Avoider $\cal F$ game is played on the edge set of a complete graph. Two players, Red and Blue, take turns in claiming previously unclaimed edges with Red going first, and the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Miloš Stojaković , Jelena Stratijev

The game of cops and robber is a turn based vertex pursuit game played on a connected graph between a team of cops and a single robber. The cops and the robber move alternately along the edges of the graph. We say the team of cops win the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Uttam K. Gupta , Suchismita Mishra , Dinabandhu Pradhan

The AB~Game is a game similar to the popular game Mastermind. We study a version of this game called Static Black-Peg AB~Game. It is played by two players, the codemaker and the codebreaker. The codemaker creates a so-called secret by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Gerold Jäger , Frank Drewes

The game of Hex has two players who take turns placing stones of their respective colors on the hexagons of a rhombus-shaped hexagonal grid. Black wins by completing a crossing between two opposite edges, while White wins by completing a…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-02-25 Yuval Peres , Oded Schramm , Scott Sheffield , David B. Wilson

We give operational meaning to wave-particle duality in terms of discrimination games. Duality arises as a constraint on the probability of winning these games. The games are played with the aid of an n-port interferometer, and involve 3…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Emilio Bagan , John Calsamiglia , Janos A. Bergou , Mark Hillery

Game coloring is a well-studied two-player game in which each player properly colors one vertex of a graph at a time until all the vertices are colored. An `eternal' version of game coloring is introduced in this paper in which the vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-17 William Klostermeyer , Hannah Mendoza

The Maker-Breaker connectivity game and Hamilton cycle game belong to the best studied games in positional games theory, including results on biased games, games on random graphs and fast winning strategies. Recently, the Connector-Breaker…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Dennis Clemens , Pranshu Gupta , Yannick Mogge

Winning probabilities of The Hat Game (Ebert's Hat Problem) with three players and three colors are only known in the symmetric case: all probabilities of the colors are equal. This paper solves the asymmetric case: probabilities may be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-25 Theo van Uem

A rank-3 Maker-Breaker game is played on a hypergraph in which all hyperedges are sets of at most 3 vertices. The two players of the game, called Maker and Breaker, move alternately. On his turn, maker chooses a vertex to be withdrawn from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Lear Bahack

Snort is a two-player game played on a simple graph in which the players take turns colouring vertices in their own colour, with the restriction that two adjacent vertices cannot have opposite colours. We will show that on triangular grids…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Melanie Gauthier , Svenja Huntemann

In two-player games on graphs, the players move a token through a graph to produce an infinite path, which determines the winner of the game. Such games are central in formal methods since they model the interaction between a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Milad Aghajohari , Guy Avni , Thomas A. Henzinger

The game of Hangman is a classical asymmetric two player game in which one player, the setter, chooses a secret word from a language, that the other player, the guesser, tries to discover through single letter matching queries, answered by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Jérémy Barbay , Bernardo Subercaseaux

The game of the Towers of Hanoi is generalized to binary trees. First, a straightforward solution of the game is discussed. Second, a shorter solution is presented, which is then shown to be optimal.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-13 Joost Engelfriet

We study a random game in which two players in turn play a fixed number of moves. For each move, there are two possible choices. To each possible outcome of the game we assign a winner in an i.i.d. fashion with a fixed parameter p. In the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Natalia Cardona-Tobón , Anja Sturm , Jan M. Swart

We investigate the algorithmic problems of the {\it homophyly phenomenon} in networks. Given an undirected graph $G = (V, E)$ and a vertex coloring $c \colon V \rightarrow {1, 2, ..., k}$ of $G$, we say that a vertex $v\in V$ is {\it happy}…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Angsheng Li , Peng Zhang

In the Maker-Breaker positional game, Maker and Breaker take turns picking vertices of a hypergraph $H$, and Maker wins if and only if she possesses all the vertices of some edge of $H$. Deciding the outcome (i.e. which player has a winning…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Florian Galliot , Sylvain Gravier , Isabelle Sivignon

We study the complexity of the popular one player combinatorial game known as Flood-It. In this game the player is given an n by n board of tiles where each tile is allocated one of c colours. The goal is to make the colours of all tiles…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-06-10 Raphael Clifford , Markus Jalsenius , Ashley Montanaro , Benjamin Sach

We define a two-player combinatorial game in which players take alternate turns; each turn consists on deleting a vertex of a graph, together with all the edges containing such vertex. If any vertex became isolated by a player's move then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Richard Adams , Janae Dixon , Jennifer Elder , Jamie Peabody , Oscar Vega , Karen Willis

We introduce the rendezvous game with adversaries. In this game, two players, {\sl Facilitator} and {\sl Disruptor}, play against each other on a graph. Facilitator has two agents, and Disruptor has a team of $k$ agents located in some…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Dimitrios M. Thilikos