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We explain why and how the Hilbert space comes about in quantum theory. The axiomatic structures of vector space, of scalar product, of orthogonality, and of the linear functional are derivable from the statistical description of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-13 Yu. V. Brezhnev

One of the most celebrated accomplishments of modern physics is the description of fundamental principles of nature in the language of geometry. As the motion of celestial bodies is governed by the geometry of spacetime, the motion of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Tianyu Liu , Xiao-Bin Qiang , Hai-Zhou Lu , X. C. Xie

The basic methods of constructing the sets of mutually unbiased bases in the Hilbert space of an arbitrary finite dimension are discussed and an emerging link between them is outlined. It is shown that these methods employ a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Michel R. P. Planat , Haret Rosu , Serge Perrine , Metod Saniga

In metric-affine gravity, both the gravitational and matter actions depend not just on the metric, but also on the independent affine connection. Thus matter can be modeled as a hyperfluid, characterized by both the energy-momentum and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-25 Ilaria Andrei , Damianos Iosifidis , Laur Järv , Margus Saal

Quantum gravitational effects suggest a minimal length, or spacetime interval, of order the Planck length. This in turn suggests that Hilbert space itself may be discrete rather than continuous. One implication is that quantum states with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-24 Stephen D. H. Hsu

We consider the space of probabilities {P(x)}, where the x are coordinates of a configuration space. Under the action of the translation group there is a natural metric over the space of parameters of the group given by the Fisher-Rao…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Marcel Reginatto , Michael J. W. Hall

An algebraic structure of matter spectrum is studied. It is shown that a base mathematical construction, lying in the ground of matter spectrum (introduced by Heisenberg) , is a two-level Hilbert space. Two-level structure of the Hilbert…

General Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 V. V. Varlamov

Quantum systems are viewed as emergent systems from the fundamental degrees of freedom. The laws and rules of quantum mechanics are understood as an effective description, valid for the emergent systems and specially useful to handle…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Ricardo Gallego Torromé

Taking several statistical examples, in particular one involving a choice of experiment, as points of departure, and making symmetry assumptions, the link towards quantum theory developed in Helland (2005a,b) is surveyed and clarified. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Inge S. Helland

The development of methods of quantum statistical mechanics is considered in light of their applications to quantum solid-state theory. We discuss fundamental problems of the physics of magnetic materials and the methods of the quantum…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-02-21 A. L. Kuzemsky

Quantum mechanics is formulated on a Hilbert space that is assumed to be separable. However, there seems to be no clear reason justifying this assumption. Does it have physical implications? We answer in the positive by proposing a test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Miguel Gallego

The theory of geometric quantum mechanics describes a quantum system as a Hamiltonian dynamical system with a complex projective Hilbert space as its phase space, thus equipped with a Riemannian metric in addition to a symplectic structure.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-10-26 Barbara A. Sanborn

Quantum metrology uses non-classical states, such as Fock states with a specific number of photons, to achieve an advantage over classical sensing methods. Typically, quantum metrological performance can be enhanced by increasing the…

As one of the main pillars of quantum technologies, quantum metrology aims to improve measurement precision using techniques from quantum information. The two main strategies to achieve this are the preparation of nonclassical states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Matteo Fadel , Noah Roux , Manuel Gessner

Hilbert spaces in theories of gravity are notoriously subtle due to the Hamiltonian constraints, particularly regarding the inner product. To demystify this subject, we review and extend a collection of ideas in canonical gravity, and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-15 Jesse Held , Henry Maxfield

The usual concepts of topological physics, such as the Berry curvature, cannot be applied directly to non-Hermitian systems. We show that another object, the quantum metric, which often plays a secondary role in Hermitian systems, becomes a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 D. D. Solnyshkov , C. Leblanc , L. Bessonart , A. Nalitov , J. Ren , Q. Liao , F. Li , G. Malpuech

This work seeks to make explicit the operational connection between the preparation of two-level quantum systems with their corresponding description (as states) in a Hilbert space. This may sound outdated, but we show there is more to this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-26 V. G. Valle , L. L. Brugger , B. F. Rizzuti , Cristhiano Duarte

The theory of quantum mechanics is examined using non-standard real numbers, called quantum real numbers (qr-numbers), that are constructed from standard Hilbert space entities. Our goal is to resolve some of the paradoxical features of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-03 John V Corbett

In this paper, a version of polymer quantum mechanics, which is inspired by loop quantum gravity, is considered and shown to be equivalent, in a precise sense, to the standard, experimentally tested, Schroedinger quantum mechanics. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alejandro Corichi , Tatjana Vukasinac , Jose A. Zapata

We present a geometric formulation of quantum mechanics based on the symplectic structure of the projective Hilbert space. Building upon the standard K\"ahler framework, we introduce an extension in which the symplectic structure is allowed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Hoshang Heydari